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Explanations and examples of three types of irony: verbal, dramatic, and situational. Verbal irony involves speaking the opposite of what one means, while dramatic irony occurs when the audience knows more than the characters in a novel or movie. Situational irony is when the outcome is the opposite of what is expected. Sarcasm, a type of verbal irony, is also discussed.
Typology: Lecture notes
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Verbal irony is when the speaker says the opposite of what they mean. For example: You put quarters into a vending machine and nothing comes out so you exclaim, “Hey, today’s my lucky day.” Of course, nothing was great or lucky about what happened, so you were using irony – or the opposite of what you really meant.
Sarcasm is a type of irony that makes fun of somebody. For example: A student named Mike takes a moment to close his eyes at his desk and the teacher says, “Now don’t work too hard there, Mike.”
Sarcasm is much trickier than verbal irony. With a trusted friend, a sarcastic comment can be witty and not taken as mean, but when sarcasm is used as a verbal weapon, watch out…those words can hurt!
Verbal Irony – Ted Talk Sarcasm – Foster's
Dramatic Irony is when the audience knows more than the characters in the novel or movie do. It creates tension and suspense. For example: We know that no matter how hard he tries, While E. Coyote will never catch the road runner. We all wait to see what tortures the coyote will endure.
Dramatic Irony is when the audience knows more than the characters in the novel or movie do. It creates tension and suspense. For example: In the movie Mrs. Doubtfire , we know that Daniel is pretending to be a female house keeper in order to see his kids more often after his divorce, but no one else knows that. We, the audience, are in on a secret.
Situational irony is when something happens that is the exact opposite of what you would expect. For example: A thief’s house was broken into at the same time he was robbing someone’s house.
Situational irony is when something happens that is the exact opposite of what you would expect. For example: "When I'm 64" by the Beatles, is ironic for two reasons:
Situational Irony – Ted Talk