Game Theory: Understanding Strategic and Extensive Games, Slides of Game Theory

An introduction to game theory, focusing on strategic and extensive games. It covers concepts such as domination, iteration, Nash equilibria, and repeated games. The document also mentions the Nim game and its modeling as a strategic game and on a graph.

Typology: Slides

2021/2022

Uploaded on 03/31/2022

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Verification and Game Theory
Tutorial on Basic Game Theory
Patricia Bouyer
LSV, CNRS & ENS Paris-Saclay
Universit´e Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
Thanks to:
my co-authors Nicolas Markey, Romain Brenguier,
Michael Ummels, Nathan Thomasset
St´ephane Le Roux for recent discussions on the subject
Thomas Brihaye for some of the slides
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Verification and Game Theory

Tutorial on Basic Game Theory

Patricia Bouyer

LSV, CNRS & ENS Paris-Saclay Universit´e Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France

Thanks to: my co-authors Nicolas Markey, Romain Brenguier, Michael Ummels, Nathan Thomasset St´ephane Le Roux for recent discussions on the subject Thomas Brihaye for some of the slides

The tutorial in perspective

General objective of the research topic

Import game theory solutions to the verification field Lift reasoning based on two-player zero-sum games to multiplayer games

The tutorial in perspective

General objective of the research topic

Import game theory solutions to the verification field Lift reasoning based on two-player zero-sum games to multiplayer games

two-player zero-sum games multiplayer non-zero-sum games winning objective payoff function winning strategy equilibria (various kinds) von Neumann Theorem Nash Theorem ... ...

Focus of the tutorial

Give basics of game theory Discuss aspects that will be helpful for analyzing models useful for verification

Outline

1 What is a game? Games we play for fun A broader sense to the notion of game

(^2) Strategic games – Playing only once simultaneously (Strict) Domination and Iteration Stability: Nash equilibria

(^3) Extensive games – Playing several times sequentially

(^4) Repeated games – Playing the same game again and again

(^5) Conclusion

Games we play for fun

These games can be classified

Number of players: 1 or 2 or 3 or... 1 ; Pacman, Candy Crush, Freecel... 2 ; Chess, Tennis, Stratego, Four in a row, ... 3 (or more) ; Poker, Monopoly,...

Type of interactions: simultaneous or sequential

Maximal length of a play: finite ou infinite

Type of information: perfect or imperfect

Presence of randomness: deterministic or probabilistic

Type of payoff: boolean or quantitative

These games can be classified

Number of players: 1 or 2 or 3 or...

Type of interactions: simultaneous or sequential

Maximal length of a play: finite ou infinite finite ; Four in a row, Battleship,... infinite ; Tennis, Monopoly,...

Type of information: perfect or imperfect

Presence of randomness: deterministic or probabilistic

Type of payoff: boolean or quantitative

These games can be classified

Number of players: 1 or 2 or 3 or...

Type of interactions: simultaneous or sequential

Maximal length of a play: finite ou infinite

Type of information: perfect or imperfect perfect ; Four in a row, Chess,... imperfect ; Battleship, Poker, Stratego...

Presence of randomness: deterministic or probabilistic

Type of payoff: boolean or quantitative

These games can be classified

Number of players: 1 or 2 or 3 or...

Type of interactions: simultaneous or sequential

Maximal length of a play: finite ou infinite

Type of information: perfect or imperfect

Presence of randomness: deterministic or probabilistic

Type of payoff: boolean or quantitative boolean ; Four in a row, Chess,... quantitative ; Poker,...

These games can be classified

Number of players: 1 or 2 or 3 or...

Type of interactions: simultaneous or sequential

Maximal length of a play: finite ou infinite

Type of information: perfect or imperfect

Presence of randomness: deterministic or probabilistic

Type of payoff: boolean or quantitative

A broader sense: What is game theory?

[MSZ13] Maschler, Solan, Zamir. Game theory (Cambridge University Press)

Goal: Model and analyze (using mathematical tools) situations of interactive decision making

A broader sense: What is game theory?

[MSZ13] Maschler, Solan, Zamir. Game theory (Cambridge University Press)

Goal: Model and analyze (using mathematical tools) situations of interactive decision making

Ingredients

Several decision makers (called players) All with different goals The decision of each players impacts the outcome for all

A broader sense: What is game theory?

[MSZ13] Maschler, Solan, Zamir. Game theory (Cambridge University Press)

Goal: Model and analyze (using mathematical tools) situations of interactive decision making

Ingredients

Several decision makers (called players) All with different goals The decision of each players impacts the outcome for all

A broader sense: What is game theory?

[MSZ13] Maschler, Solan, Zamir. Game theory (Cambridge University Press)

Goal: Model and analyze (using mathematical tools) situations of interactive decision making

Ingredients

Several decision makers (called players) All with different goals The decision of each players impacts the outcome for all

Interactivity!