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Ministero dell’ Universita e della Ricerca CALL FOR APPLICATIONS FOR ADMISSION TO THE NATIONAL RESTRICTED ACCESS SINGLE-CYCLE DEGREE PROGRAMMES IN MEDICINE AND SURGERY AND IN DENTISTRY AND DENTAL PROSTHODONTICS Academic Year 2023/2024 Reading skills and knowledge acquired during studies 1. Preliminary global average temperatures taken so far in June are nearly 1C (1.8F) above levels previously recorded for the same month, going back to 1979. While the month is not yet complete and may not set a new June record, climate scientists say it follows a pattern of strengthening global heating that could see this year named the hottest ever recorded, topping 2016. The long-term warming conditions caused by the burning of fossil fuels will likely receive a further pulse of heat via El Nifio, a naturally reoccurring phenomenon where sections of the Pacific Ocean heat up, typically causing temperatures to spike across the world. According to the text, which one of the following is true? A) The June temperature this year is consistent with an observed trend. B) This year, June will be the hottest month on record since 1979. C) Temperatures in June are not related to the El Nifio phenomenon. D) June 1979 was the hottest month to date. E) The El Nifio phenomenon limits the effects of burning fossil fuels. 2. Which of the following pairs of character/book is wrong? A) Elizabeth Bennet — Little Women B) Leopold Bloom — Ulysses C) Edmond Dantés — 7he Count of Monte Cristo D) Gregor Samsa — The Metamorphosis E) Florentino Ariza — Love in the Time of Cholera 3. The work known as De Bello Gallicois A) Julius Caesar’s account of the Gallic war. B) a painting by Eugéne Delacroix. C) asculpture by Auguste Rodin. D) an opera by Richard Wagner. E) acollection of poems on the Gallic war by Horace. 4. Inaparliamentary system of government, the President of the Republic is A) Head of State but not Head of Government. B) neither Head of State nor Head of Government. C) Head of Government and Head of the High Council of the Judiciary. D) Head of Government but not Head of State. E) Head of State and Head of the High Council of the Judiciary. Logical reasoning and problem-solving You have 1 pair of new-born rabbits (one male and one female) that can breed when they reach maturity. You also have 3 pairs of mature rabbits (3 males and 3 females) that can start breeding immediately. They follow these rules: e Each mature pair of rabbits produces one new pair of offspring (one male and one female) at the end of each month e Each offspring pair takes one month to mature How many rabbits do you have at the end of the 3rd month? A) 36 B) 14 C) 18 D) 28 E) 42 The half-life of a radioactive element is the time needed for half of the material to decay. You have a certain quantity of a mineral containing two radioactive elements X and Y, whose half-lives are 2 and 3 years, respectively. Also, no physical process can produce elements X or Y. If today the ratio X:Y (mass/mass) is 8:1, what will it be after 6 years? A) 4:1 B) 1:1 Cc) 21 D) 16:1 E) 32/1 You want to buy a sandwich from your favourite store but are on a strict diet, so the sandwich must satisfy these requirements: e protein content: at least 20 g e fat content: less than 10 g energy: at least 1,300 kJ These are the types of sandwich available: Type Energy (kJ) [Proteins (g) | Fats (g) Salt equiv (g) | Price (€) Tuna 1579 18 14 1.4 7.20 Beef 1320 22 9 15 6.90 Chicken 1337 23 5 14 6.80 Vegetables 1198 9 15 1.2 6.50 Salmon 1620 22 12 21 7.10 Ham 1164 19 8 1.9 6.60 Turkey 1210 20 4 17 6.70 What is the minimum that you can spend for your sandwich? A) 6.80€ B) 6.70€ C) 6.90€ D) 6.60€ E) 7.10€ 11. 12. 13. 14. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic condition marked by the gradual deterioration of muscle tissue. Recent studies have revealed that DMD arises from specific changes in a vital protein called dystrophin, responsible for maintaining the integrity of muscle cells. The gene responsible for producing this protein follows an inheritance pattern known as X-linked recessive. Which of the following statements is wrong according to the above? A) Women are more likely to suffer from DMD than men. B) DMbDis a sex-linked inherited disease. C) The rate at which the mutated allele spreads is influenced by the rate at which the associated X chromosome spreads within the population. D) To develop the condition, a woman must inherit two recessive alleles of this gene. E) To develop the condition, a man must inherit one of the recessive alleles of this gene. In the table below, you can find the minimum, maximum and optimum pH values that are required for enzymes X, Y, Z, W, and Q to function. PH value Enzymes | Minimum | Optimum | Maximum x | 64 [ 71 | 82 Y 39 || 53 72 z | 40 | 62 85 [| w | 80 | 91 | 124 [| a | 13 | 54 | 95 Which of the pairs of enzymes listed below cannot function together in the same environment? A) YandW B) WandQ C) XandY D) YandZ E) XandZ Which of the following is absent from the genome of a virus that utilizes DNA as its primary molecule? A) Uracil B) Deoxyribose C) Adenine D) Guanine E) Thymine In which of the following events do hormones secreted by the adrenal gland and pancreas play a role together? 1. Balancing the amount of calcium in the bone and blood. 2. Accelerating sodium absorption in the renal tubules. 3. Balancing the glucose level in the blood. A) 3only B) 1 C) 1and2 D) 1,2,and3 E) 2and3 Ministero dell’ Universita e della Ricerca 15. Which of the following examples represent conditions regulated by homeostasis in the body? 1. Blood glucose concentration 2. Body temperature 3. Water levels 4. Body weight A) B) Cc) D) E) 1,2and3 1 only 1 and 2 1 and 4 4 only 16. Which of the following structures in a plant cell are surrounded by a double membrane? Plastid, Mitochondria, Nucleus Golgi Apparatus, Ribosome, Mitochondria Plastid, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Vacuole Nucleus, Plastid, Golgi Apparatus Mitochondria, Vacuole, Golgi Apparatus 17. Listed below are three different families with genotypes related to colour blindness which is an X-linked recessive disorder. Family Mother|| Father 1 XRXr_ || XRY 2 XXr XRY 3 XRXr_ | XY Among t A) B) Cc) D) E) he families, which ones can have a colour-blind daughter? 3 1 2 1 and2 2and3 18. Which of the following conditions is necessary for a mutation to play a role in the process of evoluti ion? Occurrence in germ cells Having a dominant mutation Occurrence in body cells Having a recessive mutation Formation by the effect of X-rays Ministero dell’ Universita e della Ricerca 23. What is the correct order of the following events that occur immediately after acetylcholine 24. 25. 26. 27. binds to postsynaptic receptors of a muscle fibre, causing the muscle to contract? 1. Ca” ions diffuse into the sarcoplasm. 2. The muscle fibre membrane is depolarised. 3. The myosin binding site on the actin filament is uncovered. A) 2-1-3 B) 2-3-1 C) 4-2-3 D) 1-3-2 E) 3-2-1 What percentage of the three base codons that can be made using the standard genetic code are stop codons? A) 4.7% B) 7.8% C) 9.4% D) 14.1% E) 18.8% Which of the following statements accurately describes prokaryotic DNA? A) Prokaryotic DNA consists of circular chromosomes located within the cytoplasm. B) Prokaryotic DNA is linear, with multiple chromosomes contained within a nuclear membrane. C) Prokaryotic DNA is highly condensed and organized into chromatin fibers. D) Prokaryotic DNA is associated with histone proteins and undergoes meiotic cell division during replication. E) Prokaryotic DNA contains introns and exons within its coding regions. A fragment of double-stranded DNA molecule contains 12 phosphates and 2 adenines. Given this information, what is the total number of purine bases, deoxyribose sugars and hydrogen bonds respectively, present in the described DNA molecule? A) 6, 12, 16 B) 12, 24, 28 C) 4, 12, 12 D) 6, 16, 12 E) 6, 12,20 Which of the following statements accurately describes the surface area-to-volume ratio and cell growth? A) The surface area-to-volume ratio decreases as the cell grows larger. B) The surface area-to-volume ratio remains constant during cell growth. C) The surface area-to-volume ratio increases as the cell grows larger. D) The surface area-to-volume ratio varies randomly during cell growth. E) The surface area-to-volume ratio is unrelated to cell growth. 28. Which of the following statements regarding the Golgi apparatus is correct? A) B) C) D) E) The Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins to be exported from the cell. The Golgi apparatus processes lipid molecules as they enter the cell. Before exiting the cell, the proteins packaged in the Golgi apparatus are transported to the nucleus for translation verification. Lysosomes digest the vesicles released from the Golgi apparatus so the proteins can be released from the cell. There is no Golgi apparatus in neuronal cells. 29. In which reactions of glycolysis are isomerase enzymes involved? When glucose-6-phosphate is changed to fructose-6-phosphate. During the phosphorylation of both glucose and fructose-1-phosphate. In the steps in which dehydrogenase enzymes are involved. When four enzyme-catalysed reactions convert each triose phosphate molecule to a molecule of pyruvate. To convert fructose 1-6-diphosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxy- acetone phosphate. 30. Given the polynucleotide sequence AUGCCGC, can you tell which is the 5’ end? No, unless you know the position of the phosphate group, you cannot differentiate the 3' end from the 5' end. No, you cannot tell without the sequence of the complementary strand. Yes, the 5' end begins with the start codon AUG. There is no difference between the 5’ and 3’ ends of a single strand of DNA. Counting the number of hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases provides sufficient information to determine the 5' end. 31. Which statement or set of statements about oxidative phosphorylation is correct? 1. Complex | of the electron transport chain transfers electrons from FADH2 to coenzyme Q. 2. ATP synthase utilises the energy of the proton gradient to catalyze the conversion of ADP to ATP. 3. Oxygen serves as an electron acceptor in complex III. 4. Complex IV receives electrons from NADH. A) B) 2 1 and2 Cc) 3 D) 2,3and4 E) 4 35. A pH meter is used to test 0.1 mol L~' aqueous solutions of the following compounds: 1. CH;COOH 2. NaCl 3. H2SO, 4. Ba(OH), 5. HNO3 Which of the following correctly lists these solutions in order of increasing pH? A) 3,5,1,2,4 36. Which of the following compounds are structural isomers of hexanoic acid? 9 OH r~Awr CX whey OH 1. 2. 3. A) 1,2and3 B) 1 only C) 3only D) 1 and 2 only E) 2 and 3 only 37. Consider the reaction: H, SO, +HNO, -> HSO; +H,NO3 Which of the following terms describes the role of HNO; in this reaction? A) Abase B) Anacid C) An oxidising agent D) A reducing agent E) Acatalyst 38. Which one of the following is a gaseous compound (at room temperature and pressure) that exists as linear molecules and reacts with water to form an acidic solution? A) Carbon dioxide B) Silicon dioxide C) Nitrogen dioxide D) Sulfur dioxide E) Sulfur trioxide 39. Which of the following statements about 1Kg of water is correct? A) Ice has a greater volume than liquid water as the particles are further apart B) Liquid water has a greater volume than ice as the particles are further apart C) Liquid water has a greater volume than ice as the particles have more kinetic energy D) Liquid water and ice have the same volume, which explains why ice partially floats in water E) Ice has a greater volume than liquid water as the particles have more kinetic energy Ministero dell’ Universita e della Ricerca 40. At a given temperature, the K; value of a gaseous exothermic reaction is equal to 7 x 10° 41. 42. 43. dm? mol. Which one of the following statements is correct? A) Ata lower temperature the value of ; will increase B) The position of equilibrium lies over to the right-hand side C) There are more moles on the right-hand side of the equilibrium equation D) An increase in pressure will increase the time taken to reach equilibrium E) Addition of a suitable catalyst will increase the equilibrium yield obtained The structure of paracetamol is shown below: H ~ H Which one of the following functional groups is present in paracetamol? A) Amide B) Amine C) Carboxylic acid D) Aldehyde E) Ketone The formulae of the five most abundant substances in air are shown: No OQ, Ar co, H,0 How many of these five substances are elements and how many of these five substances are made of molecules? A) Elements = 3, molecules = 4 B) Elements = 1, molecules = 4 C) Elements = 1, molecules = 2 D) Elements = 3, molecules = 2 E) Elements = 5, molecules = 4 Which of these elements has the highest first ionisation energy? A) Neon (Z = 10) B) Lithium (Z = 3) C) Sodium (Z = 11) D) Argon (Z = 18) E) Potassium (Z = 19) . Which of these molecules has an overall dipole moment? A) PF5 B) BeF, C) CFs D) PFs E) SF, Ministero dell’ Universita e della Ricerca Physics and Mathematics 48. Consider this function, defined for every x >1 (where "In" indicates the natural logarithm): f(x) = 2In(x)-2In( x-1) . Which of these is an expression for its inverse function f'(y)? e 2 ef? 4 e 2 |. oe? 4" 1 ef? 4° 1 oe? 4° A) » y>d B) y>t C) y>o D) y>i E) y#0 49. Find the set of real solutions of this inequation: 2X -6x+5>0 A) R B) @ C) (-», 1) U (2, +%) D) (1,2) E) {1, 2} 50. The ratio of sugar to flour in a mixture is 1:5. After 1kg of sugar and 2kg of flour are added to the mixture, the ratio has changed to 2:5. A further 1kg of sugar and 2kg of flour are added to the mixture. What is the new ratio of sugar to flour? A) 11:25 B) 3:5 C) 3:7 D) 4:7 E) 14:25 51. Two standard six-sided dice numbered 1 to 6 are rolled. What is the probability that the product of the two numbers obtained is the square of a prime? A) 5/36 B) 3/36 C) 4/36 D) 6/36 E) 7/36 52. How many solutions are there in the range 0° < x s 360° to the equation sin (= =") eal 10 16 A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 20 E) 40 53. 55. 56. What is the complete set of values of x for which 100-99x<98-97x and 96+95x>94+93x ? A) x21 B) x>-1 C) x>1 D) x<-1torx>1 E) -1
