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Vertebral column lecture, Summaries of Anatomy

Curtin University (CU)Anatomy

Lecture content for the vertebral column.

Typology: Summaries

2017/2018

Uploaded on 12/05/2023

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HUMB1002FunctionalAnatomy
Lecture: Movements of the Vertebral Column
1
Commonwealth of Australia
WARN ING
This material has been copied and communicated to you by
or on behalf of Curtin University pursuant to Part VB of
the Copyright Act 1968 (the Act).
The material in this communication may be subject to
copyright under the Act. Any further copying or
communication of this material by you may be the subject
of copyright protection under the Act.
Do not remove this notice
Copyright Regulations 1969
Movementsofthe
vertebralcolumn
FunctionalAnatomy
DrBeatrizIRdeOliveira
AcknowledgementstoJohnOwensandDrSimonRosaliefor
previouslydevelopedcontent
References
Moore,K.L.,Dalley,A.F.,Agur,A.M.R.,&Dalley,A.F.(2017)ClinicallyOrientedAnatomy(8
th
ed.).Philadelphia:Lippincott,Williams&Wilkins
Rohen,J.W., Yokoc hi ,C.,andLutjen‐Drecoll,E.(2011)Color atlasofanatomy(7
th
ed.)Baltimore,MD:Lippincott,Williams&Wilkins
Objectives
Know
•Namebonesandjointsofthevertebralcolumn
•Nametheintrinsicbackmuscles
Comprehend
•Describetherelationshipbetweenbonesandjointsofthevertebralcolumn
•Describewheretheintrinsicbackmusclesarelocated
Apply
• Classifythejointsofthevertebralcolumnbytheirstructureandfunction
•Describehowintrinsicbackmusclesaregroupedandtheiractions
Analyse
•Relatethejointsofthevertebralcolumntotheiractions&functions
•Usemuscleattachmentstoexp lainthemovementsofthevertebralcolumn(back)
Synthesise
•Describehowtheerectorspinaemusclescontractduringmovementsoftheback
•Describethefunctionsofthedifferentlayersoftheintrinsicbackmuscles
Evaluat e
• Explainhowthejointsandmusclesofthevertebralcolumn(back)worktogetherduring
movementsofthevertebralcolumn(flexion,extension,lateralflexion,rotation)
Adaptedfrom
htt
p
s://a
pp
.to
p
hat.com
VERTEBRALCOLUMN
33vertebrae
Intervertebraldiscs(IVDs)
Functions:
‐protection
‐supportweight
Vertebraefromdifferent
regionspresentsimilar
characteristics
1 2
3 4
pf3
pf4
pf5

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Functional

Anatomy

Commonwealth of Australia

WARNING

This material has been copied and communicated to you by

or on behalf of

Curtin University

pursuant to Part VB of

the

Copyright Act 1968

(the Act).

The material in this communication may be subject to

copyright under the Act. Any further copying or

communication of this material by you may be the subject

of copyright protection under the Act.

Do not remove this notice

Copyright Regulations 1969

Movements

of

the

vertebral

column

Functional

Anatomy

Dr

Beatriz

IR

de

Oliveira

Acknowledgements

to

John

Owens

and

Dr

Simon

Rosalie

for

previously

developed

content

References

Moore,

K.L.,

Dalley,

A.

F.,

Agur,

A.

M.

R.,

&

Dalley,

A.

F.

(2017)

Clinically

Oriented

Anatomy

(

th

ed.).

Philadelphia:

Lippincott,

Williams

&

Wilkins

Rohen,

J.

W.,

Yokochi,

C.,

and

Lutjen

‐Drecoll,

E.

(2011)

Color atlas

of

anatomy

(

th

ed.)

Baltimore,

MD:

Lippincott,

Williams

&

Wilkins

Objectives

Know

  • Name

bones

and

joints

of

the

vertebral

column

  • Name

the

intrinsic

back

muscles

Comprehend

  • Describe

the

relationship

between

bones

and

joints

of

the

vertebral

column

  • Describe

where

the

intrinsic

back

muscles

are

located

Apply

  • Classify

the

joints

of

the

vertebral

column

by

their

structure

and

function

  • Describe

how

intrinsic

back

muscles

are

grouped

and

their

actions

Analyse

  • Relate

the

joints

of

the

vertebral

column

to

their

actions

&

functions

  • Use

muscle

attachments

to

explain

the

movements

of

the

vertebral

column

(back)

Synthesise

  • Describe

how

the

erector

spinae muscles

contract

during

movements

of

the

back

  • Describe

the

functions

of

the

different

layers

of

the

intrinsic

back

muscles

Evaluate

  • Explain

how

the

joints

and

muscles

of

the

vertebral

column

(back)

work

together

during

movements

of

the

vertebral

column

(flexion,

extension,

lateral

flexion,

rotation)

Adapted

from

https://app.tophat.com

VERTEBRAL

COLUMN

vertebrae

Intervertebral

discs

(IVDs)

Functions: ‐^

protection

‐^

support

weight

Vertebrae

from

different

regions

present

similar

characteristics

Functional

Anatomy

The

primary

function

of

the

vertebral

column

is

to

protect

spinal

cord

and

spinal

nerves

Dorsal

root

ganglion

TYPICAL

VERTEBRAE

Body:

increases

as

the

column

↓

Vertebral

arch:

pedicles

&

lamina

Vertebral

foramen:

form

vertebral

canal

Transverse

process:

2,

one

on

each

side

Articular

processes

&

facets

(Zygapophyses):

superior

&

inferior

Spinous

process:

posterior

THORACIC

VERTEBRAE

Heart

shaped

vertebral

body

Costal

facets

for

articulation

with

head

of

rib

Circular

small

vertebral

foramen

Long

transverse

processes

with

articulation

facets

Vertical

articular

processes

and

facets

(“stop”)

Long

postero

inferior

spinous

process

Superior

costalfacet Inferior^ costal

facet Facet

for

tubercle of

th

rib

Vertical articular

facet

LUMBAR

VERTEBRAE

Large

kidney

shaped

vertebral

body

Triangular

medium

sized

vertebral

foramen

Long

transverse

processes

with

accessory

process

Vertical

articular

processes

and

facets

(“goal”)

Short

thick

spinous

process

Mammillary

processes

5

6

7

8

Functional

Anatomy

but

they

also

limit

movement

LIGAMENTS

of

the

vertebral

column

Ligaments

of

the

vertebral

column

limit

excessive

movement

NuchalligamentLigamentaflavaInterspinousligamentSupraspinous ligament

EOP

Anterior longitudinal

ligament

Posterior longitudinal

ligament

Costotransverse

ligament

Joint

capsules

of

zygapophyseal

joints

Inter

‐

transverseligament

MOVEMENTS of

the

vertebral

column

Factors

affecting

movements of

the

vertebral

column

Age

IVD

elasticity

Joint

Ligaments

Muscle

tone

Rib

cage

Muscle

bulk

Other

structures

Lateral

flexion ≈

35

o

Flexion

&

Extension

≈

60

o^

&

40

o

Rotation

≈^

50

o

Lateral

flexion

≈

40

o^

Flexion

&

Extension

Rotation

≈

40

o

MOVEMENTS of

the

vertebral

column

FLEXION ↓

Tension

Anterior

longitudinal

ligament

Anterior

Compression

IVD

Tension

posterior

longitudinal

ligament

Ligamentum

flavum

Interspinous ligamentSupraspinous

ligament

Posterior

fibres

IVD

Extensor

muscle

tension

further

ROM

EXTENSION Opposite

of

flexion

Functional

Anatomy Trapezius

Latissimus

dorsi

Levator scapulae

Rhomboids

Movements

of

the

upper

limbs

Serratus

posterior

superior

Serratus

posterior

inferior

Intercostal

nerves

Associated

with

respiration

“BACK”

MUSCLES

ExtrinsicSuperficial

Extrinsic

Intermediate

Intrinsic

Deep

Superficial Splenius

capitis

Splenius

cervicis

Intermediate

Deep

Transversospinalis group

Semispinalis:

capitis,

cervicis,

thoracis

RotatoresMultifidus Associated

with

movements

&

control

of

the

vertebral

column

Posterior

rami

of

spinal

nerves

Erector

spinae

group

Iliocostalis:

cervicis,

thoracis,

lumborum

Longuissimus:

capitis,

cervicis,

thoracis

Spinalis:

capitis,

cervicis,

thoracis

Minor

Deep

Interspinalis Intertransversarii Quadratus

lumborum

ExtrinsicSuperficial

Trapezius Latissimus

dorsi

Levator scapulae

Rhomboids

Thoracolumbar

fascia

ExtrinsicIntermediate

Serratus

posterior

inferior

Serratus

posterior

superior

IntrinsicDeep

Splenius

capitus &

cervicis

Erector

spinae

TransversospinalisMinor

deep

CapitisCervicis

C7 T4T

SPLENIUS

CAPITUS

&

CERVICIS

Attachments: ProximalCapitus:

lower

nuchal

ligament,

spinous

processes

C

‐T3/4,

supraspinous

ligament

Cervicis:

spinous

processes

T3/

‐T

DistalCapitus:

mastoid

process,

lateral

nuchal

line

Cervicis:

transverse

processes

C

‐C3/

Action: Unilateral: lateral

flexion,

ipsilateral

rotation

Bilateral:

neck

extension

NS:

posterior

rami

of

spinal

nerves

ERECTOR

SPINAE

Attachments: Proximal:

broad

tendon,

supraspinous ligament,

sacroiliac

ligaments,

median

sacral

crest,

posterior

iliac

crest,

lumbar

thoracic

spinous

processes

DistalIliocostalis:

lower

ribs

and

cervical

transverse

processesLongissimus:

ribs

between

tubercles

transverse

processes,

mastoid

process

Spinalis:

upper

thoracic

spinous

processes

cranium NS:

posterior

rami

of

spinal

nerves

17

18

19

20

Functional

Anatomy

INTERSPINALIS

&

INTERTRANSVERSARIIAction:

stabilise

vertebrae

NS:

posterior

rami

of

spinal

nerves

interspinalis

intertransversarii

QUADRATUS

LUMBORUM

Attachments: P:

transverse

process

of

L

posterior

iliac

crest

D:

lower

border

of

th

rib

lumbar

transverse

processes

L

to

L

Action

Function:

lateral

flexion

of

spine

fixator

of

th

rib

during

respiration NS:

anterior

rami

of

spinal

nerves

T

L3/L

Quadratuslumborum

Bottom

line….

The

superficial

layer

of

intrinsic

back

muscles

acts

on

the

head

and

neckThe

intermediate

layer

is

responsible

for

global

movements

of

the

vertebral

column

The

deep

layer

is

responsible

for

local

movements

and

postural

support

Rohen 2011,

p.

222

25

26

27