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CORK INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
INSTITIÚID TEICNEOLAÍOCHTA CHORCAÍ
Semester 2 Examinations 2009/
Module Title: Highway Engineering
Module Code: CIVL 7010
School: Building and Civil Engineering
Programme Title: Bachelor of Engineering in Civil Engineering – Award
Programme Code: CCIVL_7_Y
External Examiner(s): Mr. John T Murphy, Ms. Maria Kyne Internal Examiner(s): Mr. Des Walsh, Mr. Paul Moran
Instructions: Attempt Q1 and any three other questions
(All questions carry equal marks) Attachments: (i) Table 3 from NRA TD9/07 (ii) graphs from LR1132 (iii) Figure 3.2 from TD42/95 (iv) Figure3/1 from TD10/
Duration: 2 Hours
Sitting: Summer 2010
Requirements for this examination:
Note to Candidates: Please check the Programme Title and the Module Title to ensure that you have received the correct examination. If in doubt please contact an Invigilator.
Question 1 – where appropriate, NRA TD9/07 standards to apply
(i) Alignment Constraint (Ac) and Layout Constraint (Lc) are two factors used in the assessment
of what? (1mark)
(ii) With the aid of a sketch, identify the components of a typical vertical alignment (3marks)
(iii) A section of the proposed vertical alignment for a road project consists of the following Vertical Intersection Points ( VIP );
VIP chainage (m) level (metre ordnance datum) VIP 3 430m 5.35mod VIP 4 890m 7.65mod VIP 5 1190m 4.65mod
For a Design Speed of 100km/hr, determine the Desirable Minimum parameters for the
vertical curve which will link the straights between VIP 3 -VIP 4 and VIP 4 - VIP 5 (4marks)
(iv) Under what circumstances would a designer invoke a Relaxation or Departure from
standard? (2marks)
(v) What, precisely, is AADT? (1mark)
(vi) Use a neat sketch to illustrate the geometrical cross-sectional details of a Standard Single Carriageway. Dimension the key features of the cross section. (2marks)
(vii) The attached figure outlines the form of Figure 2/2 of TD42/95. Identify the priority junction types associated with the distinct regions (i), (ii), (iii) & (iv) of the graph_. (2marks)_
(viii) The major road at a major/minor road junction has an AADT of 15000. At what level of
minor road traffic does the provision of a Roundabout become warranted? (1mark)
(ix) List the three principle engineering functions of a pavement Wearing Course (3marks)
(x) Identify the major factors which contribute to potholing problems in road pavements (2marks)
(xi) Write brief notes in relation to the recently completed N25 Waterford By-Pass project – the
notes should address the size/scale & contractual arrangements of the project and any key features of the project should be documented; the project client, designer and/or consortium
should be identified. (4marks)
Total Q1 =25Marks
Question 3
(i) Explain the term Level of Service (LoS) as it applies to road capacities; describe the typical
driving environment associated with each Level of Service. (6marks)
(ii) Use a cross sectional sketch to give details of the layering and materials used in a Flexible
Pavement. State clearly the function of each layer. (6marks)
(iii) A new flexible pavement is to be constructed in 2011. The AADT (2009) for the road is
45000 vehicles of which 4% comprises Heavy Goods Vehicles. The CBR value of the sub- grade is 3%. Assuming a traffic growth of rate of 3.5% and a design life requirement of 20 years design the pavement using the LR1132 design procedure – graphs/figures from LR1132 are attached. State clearly any assumptions which you need to make. The following equations from LR1132 may be of use:
Tn = 365 F 0 ((1+r)n^ -1) / r * P
D = 0.35/(0.93 t+0.082) – (0.26/(0.93t+0.082) * (1.0/(3.9(F/1550))
t = (year of middle of design life – 1945)
(13marks)
(Q3: 25Marks)
Question 4
The December 2007 general revision of NRA TD27 Cross-Sections and Headroom formally introduced the Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3 Dual Carriageway cross-sections; particular design requirements for the new Type 2 and Type 3 dual carriageways are detailed in TD10 of December 2007.
(i) Why did the NRA develop this range of dual carriageway cross-section types? (1.5marks)
(ii) Using neat sketches, illustrate the essential features of the Type1, Type 2 and Type3 cross-
section types (number/width of lanes, hard shoulder/strip/verge details, central reserve details) ( 3 types x 3marks = 9marks)
(iii) What is the overall pavement width for each cross-section type? (1.5marks)
(iv) Discuss the three cross-section types under the following headings;
- Typical application situations (online/retrofit, offline/new, capacity range) – 4 marks
- Junction Strategy (i.e. permitted junction types) – 6 marks
(10marks)
(v) With reference to the attached Figure 3/1 Schematic Layout of a Type 3 Dual Carriageway
(from NRA TD10/07); a. Explain why the changeover on the left hand side of the layout is defined as critical and the changeover on the right hand side is defined as a non-critical - 2marks. b. What is a typical passing lane length? – 1 mark (3marks)
(Q4: 25Marks)
