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END OF PAGE A manfully operated air brake tank drain turns how far? - ANSWERS- quarter turn At what psi should the spring brake come on? - ANSWERS-The spring brake should come on in the range of 20 to 40 psi From zero air pressure, once the engine is started how long should it take for air pressure to buildup so that the emergency vehicle can be moved without brake drag? - ANSWERS-A time of more than 30 seconds indicates an unacceptable time frame for a quick buildup system as defined by NFPA. What comes on when the DPF has reach its MINIMUM saturation level? What is the next phase of warning? Then finally what? - ANSWERS- Solid amber DPF lamp Flashing amber DPF lamp Check engine lamp and then stop-engine lamp To test the air leakage rate, WITHOUT the service brake applied, a loss in one minute of more than how much psi is unacceptable? - ANSWERS-A loss in one minute of more than 2psi for single vehicles and 3 psi for combination vehicles indicates an unacceptable rate of leakage
END OF PAGE The emergency vehicle driver is responsible for three very important vehicle maintenance functions: - ANSWERS-1. Documenting the need for maintenance on the assigned vehicle
- Verifying that the requested and needed maintenance was performed and documented
- Following established department guidelines for taking the vehicle out of service To test the air leakage rate, WITH the service brake fully applied, a loss in one minute of more than how much psi is unacceptable? - ANSWERS-A loss in one minute of more than 3psi for single vehicles and 4psi for combination vehicles indicates an unacceptable rate of leakage There are numerous benefits associated with a preventative maintenance program for emergency vehicles. What are the five primary benefit areas? - ANSWERS-1. Safety
- Costs
- Operational effectiveness
- Legal liability
- Basis for purchasing decisions
END OF PAGE A comprehensive driver training program provides direct evidence that the emergency service organization recognizes the consequences of what? - ANSWERS-Inappropriate driver behavior The program should reference what six things? - ANSWERS-1. NFPA standards
- American Ambulance Association
- Best Practices
- ASTM Practices
- Department SOPs/SOGs
- Federal, state, and local requirements The "Best Practices" were developed from a series of emergency service based issues and programs; however, they fit into a more global approach based on what principles? - ANSWERS-Safety engineering The type and length of retraining and education should be determined by who? - ANSWERS-AHJ
END OF PAGE Officers/supervisors, drivers and passengers must realize what three things that play a major role in response safety? - ANSWERS-1. Their attitude
- Perceptions of the driving public
- Safety culture of the organization What is the first misconception about the laws in every state that govern emergency vehicle response? - ANSWERS-The laws that govern emergency vehicle response procedures will guarantee safe passage during emergency response What is the second misconception many emergency vehicle drivers have? - ANSWERS-The sole source of emergency response problems is the general public's failure to properly yield to emergency vehicles What is the third misconception associated with emergency vehicle response? - ANSWERS-The belief that emergency vehicle drivers can rely solely on warning devices and laws governing emergency vehicle response, which grant the privilege of right of way. What is the maximum slope for most over the road vehicles? - ANSWERS-40%
END OF PAGE A series of exercises or stations designed to measure the proficiency of an emergency vehicle driver while driving a specific vehicle. - ANSWERS-competency course A program to train and educate emergency vehicle drivers that includes classroom instruction, competency course completion, street and highway driving, and testing to verify proficiency. - ANSWERS- comprehensive emergency driver training Nonprofit membership organization directed to advancing fire safety. - ANSWERS-NFPA Fire Department Vehicle Driver/Operator Professional Qualifications - NFPA - ANSWERS-NFPA 1002 Fire Service Vehicle Operations Training Program - NFPA - ANSWERS-NFPA 1451 Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program - NFPA
END OF PAGE Inspection, Testing, Maintenance and Retirement of In-Service Automotive Fire Apparatus - NFPA - ANSWERS-NFPA 1911 Standard for Fire Apparatus Preventative Maintenance Program - NFPA
- ANSWERS-NFPA 1915 The one common element in all emergencies is the need for the service vehicles to. - ANSWERS-arrive one the scene safely Each year approx. - % of the emergency responders killed in the line of duty were in vehicles either responding to or returning from the scene of an emergency incident. - ANSWERS- 20 - 25% What is one of the better methods to attempt to ensure that all drivers perform responsibly and professionally? - ANSWERS-instituting a comprehensive emergency vehicle driver training program The emergency service organization's driver education and training program should be based upon current recognized, , and , , and as well as manufacturer's suggested procedures. - ANSWERS- safety standards, department policies, procedures, and guidelines
END OF PAGE When should a test of information and topics be administered in the comprehensive driver training program? - ANSWERS-Prior to initiating competency course What are the four "Best Practices" listed in order of impact and magnitude of results? - ANSWERS-1. Engineer out the problem
- Implement loss reduction techniques
- Implement administrative controls
- Train personnel on how to use the proper safety devices and to do the job correctly How often should refresher training and education based upon their actual emergency vehicle driving activity? - ANSWERS-annual "over the road" Pays for loss or damage to your vehicle from overturns or collisions with another object. - ANSWERS-Auto collision insurance Covers injuries and damage you cause to other drivers and their vehicles when you are at fault. - ANSWERS-Auto liability insurance
END OF PAGE Basic and shared assumptions of acceptable behavior. - ANSWERS- Culture NHTSA : - ANSWERS-National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NIOSH : - ANSWERS-National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Oversees federal highway, air, railroad, maritime and other transportation administration functions. - ANSWERS-USDOT As cited in FEMA's Emergency Vehicle Safety Initiative, nearly % of EMS fatalities are transportation related. - ANSWERS-75% According to the American Ambulance Association, how many ambulance related collisions are estimated to occur annually, with many resulting in injury or death? - ANSWERS-10, Each year, approx how many collisions involve fire department emergency vehicles where departments are responding to or from incidents? - ANSWERS-12,
END OF PAGE What are the four major considerations of a driver selection/qualification program? - ANSWERS-1. Human aspects
- Acquired abilities
- Personnel files
- Driver recertification What are the two categories of "human aspects"? - ANSWERS-1. Safety Issues
- Self Control Issues Perhaps the biggest cause of unsafe highways is. - ANSWERS-the unwillingness of people to scrutinize their own conduct, preferring to blame other drivers. What was the traffic safety phenomenon which emerged as an issue in the 1990s? - ANSWERS-Aggressive driving Approx. how many crashes occur in the US each year? - ANSWERS- 9,900,
END OF PAGE The operation of a motor vehicle in a manner which endangers or is likely to endanger persons or property. - ANSWERS-Aggressive driving What ratio of people rate themselves as almost perfect drivers (9/10)? - ANSWERS-2 out of 3 (63%) Vehicles over lbs. GVW, which drivers under 18yrs old are generally prohibited from operating under Federal DOT regulations. - ANSWERS-26, Driver readiness is determined by what three factors? - ANSWERS-1. Fatigue
- Health
- Mental health What is linked to increased errors in judgment in critical tasks such as emergency vehicle driving? - ANSWERS-Sleep deprivation A characteristic produced by constant repetition of an action. - ANSWERS-Habit
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- Certification (proficiency measured and certified by the organization)
- Licensing (proficiency measured and licensed by the agency) The absence of documentation, such as well maintained personnel files, creates a high level of potential what for emergency service organizations? - ANSWERS-liability Knowing what is an important tool in both selecting and maintaining the safest drivers for emergency vehicles? - ANSWERS-Knowing the drivers' on and off duty driving habits and records What is one of the most effective way to know the specific driving habits of individual drivers? How often should you check it? - ANSWERS-Administrative reviews of drivers' MVR Annually or at a minimum, once every three years A collision constitutes " " for drug/alcohol testing. - ANSWERS- reasonable cause Driver requalification may be a complete retesting on a vehicle if the driver has not driven in more than or only once in. - ANSWERS-6 months
END OF PAGE 18 months What is a vital element in maintaining a valid and professional emergency vehicle driver program? - ANSWERS-Driver requalification The breaking or violating of a law, right, obligation, engagement, or duty either by commission or omission. - ANSWERS-Breach The license that is mandated by state and federal law to drive a commercial vehicle on the public highways. - ANSWERS-Commercial Driver's License (CDL) Having a duty to provide just, proper, and sufficient care, so far as the circumstances demand it; the absence of negligence. - ANSWERS-Duty of care A legal status in which two or more persons are separately and together liable in tort for the same injury to a person or property. - ANSWERS- Joint and Several Liability A government's immunity from being sued in its own courts without its consent. - ANSWERS-Sovereign Immunity
END OF PAGE What is easier for a plaintiff to prove against an emergency service organization (ESO) than to prove a violation of due regard? - ANSWERS-Negligence Civil legal liability that results from a breach of a duty owed by one person to another, caused by a failure to exercise that degree of care which a reasonably prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances, and where damages/harm are caused by that breach of duty owed. - ANSWERS-Negligence is considered the most serious form of negligence and is defined as generally willful or wanton misconduct, meaning acts involving intentional wrongdoing or reckless indifference towards others. - ANSWERS-Gross negligence is legal liability placed on one person for the acts committed by another person. - ANSWERS-Vicarious liability If an accident occurs, what four things are the best defense? - ANSWERS-1. Strong SOGs
- Enforcement and practice of those SOGs
- Quality driver training program
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- Careful, responsible driving What type of laws and regulations are of the greatest importance? - ANSWERS-State laws and/or administrative regulations The US Dept. of Homeland Security (2015) Research Study of Ambulance Operations and Best Practices Considerations for EMS Personnel, recommends, "When an EMS response vehicle approaches what four things, the vehicle should come to a complete stop?" - ANSWERS-1. Red light
- Stop sign
- Stopped school bus
- Non-controlled railroad crossing ARFF : Fire apparatus specifically designed for aircraft crash firefighting/rescue operations - ANSWERS-Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting Vehicles Anything that is not secured and may become a projectile. - ANSWERS- Ballast
