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Virtualization Concepts and Features in VMware vSphere, Exams of Science education

United States International UniversityScience education

An overview of the key virtualization concepts and features in vmware vsphere, a leading enterprise virtualization platform. It covers topics such as virtual resources, virtual machine management, networking, storage, high availability, and fault tolerance. The document delves into the benefits of using virtual machines, the different types of virtual switches, the configuration of virtual san storage, the use of templates and cloning, the requirements for vsphere vmotion migration, the purpose of virtual machine snapshots, memory management techniques, and the features of vsphere ha and fault tolerance. The information presented can be useful for university students studying virtualization, cloud computing, or it infrastructure management, as well as it professionals seeking to understand and leverage the capabilities of vmware vsphere.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 09/23/2024

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VMWARE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
(COMPLETE SET)
What is the percentage of physical storage capacity that is typically used?
pg. 17 - Answers -5 to 10 %
What are the three virtual machine components?
pg. 19 - Answers -1. Operating system
2. VMware tools
3. Virtual resources such as
- CPU and memory
- Network adapters
- disk controllers
- parallel and serial ports
What are the benefits of using virtual machines?
pg. 20 - Answers -1. easy to relocate
- encapsulated into files
- independent of physical hardware
2. Easy to manage
- isolated from other virtual machines
- insulated from hardware changes
3. Provide the ability to support legacy applications
4. enables servers to be consolidated.
What are the cons to using physical machines ?
pg. 20 - Answers -1. difficult to relocate
- moves require downtime
-specific to physical hardware
2. difficult to manage
- require physical maintenance
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Download Virtualization Concepts and Features in VMware vSphere and more Exams Science education in PDF only on Docsity!

VMWARE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

(COMPLETE SET)

What is the percentage of physical storage capacity that is typically used? pg. 17 - Answers -5 to 10 % What are the three virtual machine components? pg. 19 - Answers -1. Operating system

  1. VMware tools
  2. Virtual resources such as
  • CPU and memory
  • Network adapters
  • disk controllers
  • parallel and serial ports What are the benefits of using virtual machines? pg. 20 - Answers -1. easy to relocate
  • encapsulated into files
  • independent of physical hardware
  1. Easy to manage
  • isolated from other virtual machines
  • insulated from hardware changes
  1. Provide the ability to support legacy applications
  2. enables servers to be consolidated. What are the cons to using physical machines? pg. 20 - Answers -1. difficult to relocate
  • moves require downtime -specific to physical hardware
  1. difficult to manage
  • require physical maintenance
  • hardware failures cause downtime.
  1. hardware has limitations
  • hardware changes limit application support.
  • One to one relationship between application and server What are some of the things that a guest operating system failure has no effect on? pg. 21 - Answers -1. the ability of users to access the other virtual machines
  1. the ability of the operational virtual machines to access the resources that they must have
  2. The performance of the other virtual machines What is a virtual appliance? pg. 94 - Answers -- is a preconfigured virtual machine that typically includes a preinstalled guest operating system and other software
  • designed for a single purpose, for ex. a safe browser or firewall What service types are available for a vCloud Air in a IaaS enviroment? pg. 95 - Answers -1. dedicated cloud
  1. virtual private cloud and virtual private cloud on-demand
  2. Disaster Recovery What are the benefits of VMware Tools? pg. 96 - Answers -1. Device drivers
  • SVGA display
  • VMXNET/VMXNET
  • balloon driver for memory management
  • sync driver for quiescing I/O
  1. Increased graphics performance
  2. Improved mouse performance
  • For IP storage, VMware vSphere high availability, VMWare vSphere vMotion migration, VMware vSphere Fault Tolerance, VMware virtual SAN, and VMware vSphere Replication
  • For the ESXi management network What is the port used to connect to network or remote services including VMware vSphere Client? pg.183 - Answers -VMware ESXI management network port What must be configured in order for ESXi management network port to work? pg. 183 - Answers -1. IP address
  1. netmask
  2. gateway What is a port group? pg. 183 - Answers -- is a template that stores configuration information to create virtual switch ports on a virtual switch. How does a virtual machine port group and VMkernel port connect to the outside world? pg. 183 - Answers -- through the physical Ethernet adapters that are connected to the virtual switch uplink ports. What is VMFS? pg. 28 - Answers -is a high performance cluster file system designed for virtual machines
  • supported storage protocols (FC, FCoE, iSCSI)
  • provides encapsulation of the entire virtual machine so that the VMFS can easily become part of a business continuity or DRS. What are the components for a software defined data center?

pg. 30 - Answers -1. policy based management and automation

  1. virtualized infrastructure
  2. hybrid cloud What are the advantages for private cloud? pg. 33 - Answers -1. self-service provisioning
  3. elasticity of resources
  4. rapid and simplified provisioning
  5. secured multi-tenancy
  6. improved use of IT resources
  7. better control of IT budgets What are the advantages for public cloud? pg. 34 - Answers -1. customer management of IT
  8. Rapid and flexible deployments
  9. Efficient and cost effective deployments
  10. Secure IT assets
  11. Capital expenses converted to operating expenses What are some use cases for hybrid cloud? pg. 35 - Answers -1. disaster recovery
  12. quick provisioning
  13. data archiving
  14. traffic overflow
  15. offsite backup
  16. development / QA / test What are some of the availability and features for an ESXi host? pg. 50 - Answers -1. available for purchase with vSphere or as a free version that can be downloaded
  1. The virtual machine's compatibility setting NOTE: max memory size of a VM with ESXi 6 compatibility running ESXi 6 is 4,080 GB When creating a virtual disk, what are the types of virtual disk available? pg. 78 - Answers -1. Thick Provision Lazy Zeroed
  • every block in a lazy zeroed thick provisioned disk is filled with a zero when data is written to the block
  1. Thick Provision Eager Zeroed
  • every block in an eager zeroed thick provisioned disk is prefilled with a zero
  1. Thin Provision
  • uses only as much datastore space as the disk initially needs Which network adapter requires VMware Tools? pg. 82 - Answers -1. VMXNET
  1. VMXNET2 (enhanced)
  2. VMXNET What enables you to place all your networks on a single virtual switch? pg. 184 - Answers -VMware vSphere What level are physical NIC assigned to? pg. 184 - Answers -virtual switch level
  • so all ports and port groups defined for a particular switch share the same hardware. A virtual network support what two types of virtual switches? pg. 185 - Answers -1. Standard switches (host level)
  • virtual switch configuration for a single host
  1. distributed switches (data center level)
  • virtual switches that provide a consistent network configuration for virtual machines as they migrate across multiple hosts.
  • Configured using VMware vCenter Server What is the Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)? pg. 187 - Answers -enables ESXi administrators to determine which Cisco switch ports is connected to a given virtual switch. What are the three tagging polices supported in a virtual switch? pg. 188 - Answers -1. packets from a virtual machine are tagged as they exit the virtual switch
  1. packets are untagged as they return to the virtual machine
  2. effect on performance is minimal What is a VLAN? pg. 188 - Answers -software configured broadcast domain What are the benefits of VLAN? pg. 188 - Answers -1. creation of logically grouped networks, not based on the physical topology
  3. improved performance by confining broadcast traffic to a subset of the switch ports
  4. cost savings by partitioning the network without overhead of new routers. What level can a VLAN be configured? pg 188 - Answers -port group level What is a trunk port?
  • used to protect a virtual machine or other traffic in an oversubscribed network What is the purpose of NIC teaming and failover? pg. 193 - Answers -used to determine how network traffic of the virtual machines and VMkernel adapters that are connected to the switch is distributed between physical adapter and how to reroute traffic in the event of an adapter failure What are the three network security policy exceptions? pg. 194 - Answers -1. Promiscuous mode
  • allows a virtual switch or port group to present all traffic regardless of the destination.
  1. MAC address change
  • Accept or reject inbound traffic when the MAC address has been altered by the guest.
  1. Forged transmits:
  • Accepts or rejects outbound traffic when the MAC address has been altered by the guest How would you configure the network security policies to prevent security attacks for each of the modes:
  • promiscuous mode
  • MAC address change
  • Forged transmits pg. 194-195 - Answers -Promiscuous mode:
  • Set to ACCEPT to use application in a VM that analyzes or sniffs packets, such as a network based intrusion detection system. MAC address Change & Forged Transmit:
  • Set to REJECT to help protect against certain attacks launched by a rogue guest operating system What mechanism is used to control inbound traffic? pg. 196 - Answers -1. load balancing system or turn on rate limiting features on your physical router What is the equation to determine Burst size?

pg. 196 - Answers -Burst size = bandwidth x time What are the three characteristics of the outbound traffic parameters? pg. 197 - Answers -1. Average bandwidth (Kbps)

  1. peak bandwidth (Kbps)
  2. burst size (KB) What is required to execute an IP based method to perform load balancing? pg. 201 - Answers -1. 802.3ad link aggregation support
  3. EtherChannel on the switch
  • is a port trunking technology used primarily on Cisco switches Who detects network failure? pg. 202 - Answers -VMKernel which monitors the link state and performs beacon probing What are the two configurable parameters when failover is implemented by VMkernel? pg. 202 - Answers -1. Failback
  • how the physical adapater is returned to active duty after recovering from failiure
  1. load balancing option
  • Use explicit failover order. Always use the vmnic uplink at the top of the active adapter list. What management software is used to configure a distributed switch? pg. 208 - Answers -VMware vCenter Server What are the benefits of distributed switches?

pg. 217 - Answers -1. a VM might receive packets from groups that it is not subscribed for because the switch forwards packets according to the destination MAC address of a multicast group, which can be mapped up to 32 IP multicast groups

  1. VM that is subscribed for traffic from more than 32 multicast MAC addresses receives packets that it is not subscribed for because of a limitation in the forwarding model.
  2. The switch does not filter packets according to source address as defined in IGMP version 3. What is multicast snooping mode? pg. 217 - Answers -a distributed switch that provides IGMP and MLD snooping according to RFC 4541. -supports IGMPv1, IGMPv2, IGMPv3 for IPv4 multicast group addresses, and MLDv and MLDv2 for IPv6 multicast group address In a multicast snooping mode of a distributed switch, what is the maximum number of groups and sources a VM can receive multicast traffic on a single switch port? pg, 217 - Answers -256 groups and 10 sources What are the four TCP/IP stacks at the VMkernel level? pg. 224 - Answers -1. Default TCP/IP stack
  • Provides networking support for the management traffic between vCenter Server and ESXi hosts and for system traffic
  1. vMotion TCP/IP stack
  • supports the traffic for live migration of virtual machine
  1. Provisioning TCP/IP stack
  • supports traffic for virtual machine cold migration, cloning, and snapshot creation.
  1. Custom TCP/IP stacks
  • you can add custom TCP/IP stacks at the VMkernel level to handle networking traffic of custom applications

What are some considerations you should keep in mind when creating a VMkernel adapter on a host associated with a distributed switch? pg. 226 - Answers -1. you should dedicate a single distributed port group per VMkernel adapater.

  1. For better isolation, you should configure one VMkernel adapter with one traffic type. Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) and Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) share what operation modes? pg. 229 - Answers -1. listen
  2. broadcast
  3. listen and broadcast
  4. disabled What are the storage technologies that are supported by ESXi hosts in the VmWare vSphere environment? pg. 239 - Answers -1. Direct Attached Storage (DAS)
  5. Fibre Channel (FC)
  6. Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE)
  7. iSCSI
  8. NAS What are the three storage technologies that can run over Gigabit Ethernet or 10 Gigabit Ethernet? pg. 240 - Answers -1. iSCSI
  9. NAS
  10. FCoE What is an iSCSI Boot firmware table (iBFT)?
  1. iSCSI What is an RDM? pg. 247 - Answers -is a file stored in a VMFS volume that acts as a proxy for a raw physical device
  • RDM enables you store virtual machine data directly on a LUN
  • RDM is recommended when a VM must interact w/ a real disk on the SAN What can a virtual volume provide? pg. 249 - Answers -1. lower cost of storage
  1. reduced storage management overhead
  2. greater scalability
  3. better response to data access and analytical requirements Storage Device are identified in what three ways? pg. 250 - Answers -1. Runtime name
  • uses the convention vmhbaN:C:T:L. This name is not persistent through reboots
  1. Target
  • identifies iSCSI target address and port
  1. LUN
  • a unique identifier designated to individual or collections of hard disk devices. What are the two SCSI storage device identifiers? pg. 250 - Answers -1. Runtime name
  1. iSCSI name (IQN & EUI) What are some of the storage needs you would discuss with administration team?

pg. 251 - Answers -1. LUN sizes

  1. I/O bandwidth
  2. I/O requests per second that a LUN is capable of
  3. disk cache parameters
  4. zoning and masking
  5. identical LUN presenation to each VMware ESXi host
  6. Active-Active or Active-Passive arrays
  7. Export properties for NFS datastores Why is it that iSCSI is SAN oriented? pg. 255 - Answers -1. the initiator finds one or more targets
  8. a target presents LUNs to the initiator
  9. The initiator sends SCSI commands to a target Where does the initiator and target reside? pg. 255 - Answers -initiator resides on ESXi host target resides in the storage array that are supported by the ESXi host What three mechanism can be used to restrict access to target from hosts in an iSCSI array? pg. 255 - Answers -1. IP address
  10. subnets
  11. authentication requirements Hardware iSCSI initiators are divivded into what two categories? pg. 27 - Answers -1. dependent hardware iSCSI presents a standard network adapter and iSCSI offload function for the same port

pg. 264 - Answers -Software:

  • uses multiple NICs
  • connect each NIC to a separate VMkernel port
  • Associate VMkernel ports with the iSCSI initiators Hardware:
  • uses two or more hardware iSCSI adapters Where is the NFS file system located? pg. 269 - Answers -On a NAS device that is called the NFS server What is the difference between NFS v3 and NFS 4.1? pg. 271 - Answers -NFS v3:
  • ESXi managed multipathing
  • AUTH_SYS (root) authentication
  • VMware proprietary file locking
  • client side error tracking NFS v4.1:
  • native multipathing and session trunking -optional kereros authentication
  • built in file locking -server side error tracking What new features does the NFS v4.1 client offer? pg. 271 - Answers -1. stateful locks with share reservation using mandatory locking semantic
  1. Protocol integration, side-band (aux) protocol no longer required to lock and mount
  2. Trunking, exactly once semantics and request flow control session improvements
  3. enhanced error recovery to mitigate server crash and loss of connectivity.

What compatibility is offered to NFS v3 but is not offerered for NFS v4.1? pg. 273 - Answers -1. vSphere Storage DRS and vSphere Storage I/O Control

  1. Site Recovery Manager
  2. Virtual Volumes Why is NFS v3 locking not compatible with NFS v4.1? pg. 274 - Answers -NFS v3 uses proprietary client side cooperative locking NFS v4.1 uses server side locking What should you do prior to enabling Kerberos on ESXi hosts? pg. 276 - Answers -1. Create an account in AD for NFS v4.1 access.
  • enable Kerberos DES encryption
  • account set to never expire
  1. Configure NFS servers to use Kerberos
  2. Configure NFS server shares to grant full access to the AD account used. What is required for a successful Kerberos authentication? pg.278 - Answers -Time Synchronization
  • configure all components to synchronize to a common network time protocol server What is the maximum volume size for a VMFS datastore? pg. 289 - Answers -64 TB What do you use when the following conditions are true about your virtual machine? RDM or VMFS