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Data Visualization: Techniques for Plotting 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D Data, Study notes of Astronomy

University of Maryland Astronomy

An overview of data visualization techniques, focusing on plotting one-dimensional (1-d), two-dimensional (2-d), and three-dimensional (3-d) data. It covers various software packages for plotting, such as sm, gnuplot, xgobi, idl, and others. The document also discusses different types of plots, including contour plots, surface plots, and volumetric rendering, as well as animation for time-series data.

Typology: Study notes

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 02/13/2009

koofers-user-4hi 🇺🇸

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Visualization

●Visualization is useful for:

1) Data entry (initial conditions)

2) Code debugging and performance analysis

3) Interpretation and display of results

•Our focus will be #3. The computational

astrophysicist can either:

1) Develop new visualization software tailored to

problem under study

2) Use an existing software package

Discover Study notes of Astronomy University of Maryland

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VisualizationVisualization

● Visualization is useful for:

Data entry (initial conditions)
Code debugging and performance analysis
Interpretation and display of results

(^) Our focus will be #3. The computational astrophysicist can either: 1) Develop new visualization software tailored to problem under study 2) Use an existing software package

Plotting 1-D DataPlotting 1-D Data

● Function of one variable only: f(x) vs. x ● Examples: sm, gnuplot, xgobi, IDL, etc. ● Minimum requirements:

(^) Read data from file
(^) Perform arithmetic manipulation of data
(^) Multiple data sets on plot
(^) Multiple plots on page
(^) Add text to plots

Plotting 2-D Data, Cont'dPlotting 2-D Data, Cont'd

● If f is a vector quantity, can:

Plot vectors directly

(^) Can be hard to see

Plot streamlines

(^) Contours of ö where f = ∇ö
(^) 2-D plotting packages include: sm, gnuplot, xgobi, IDL, ximage, NCAR graphics, etc.

Plotting 3-D DataPlotting 3-D Data

● Function of 3 variables, i.e. f(x,y,z) ● If f is a scalar quantity, can:

Plot 2-D slices

(^) e.g. Faces of cube

Plot isosurfaces

(^) These are now 3-D surfaces. Can use wireframe or polygons. Can shade with second variable g(x,y,z).

Plot volumetric rendering

(^) Solve transfer equation ("ray tracing") using emissivity proportional to data value.

AnimationAnimation

● If any one of the coordinates of data in a plot is time, it makes sense to render images as a time sequence, e.g. make animation. ● The eye is very sensitive to motion, can discover much detail using animations. ● Animation formats include MPEG, FLI, QT, AVI, GIF, plus many custom formats. ● Animation players include mpeg_play, xanim, quicktime, etc.