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Answer questions such as : what is volumetric analysis ? , Titration ? , equivalent point ? ... In volumetric analysis
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epublic of Iraq
Ministry 0f Higher Education and scientific Research
Al-Mustansiriya University
Collage of Science
Department of Chemistry
Supervised by Lecturer Dr. Lecturer Dr. Mohammed Abdul-Hadi Khalil Alsouz Abbas Shebeeb Hasan Alkahdumi
The quantitative chemical analysis is a scientific method to determine the absolute or relative abundance of a chemical substance in a sample.
Chemical procedure used for determining the concentration of a gas (evaluated or consumed) in some reactions and solution by measured of it is volume A known volume of a solution of unknown concentration is reacted with a known volume of a solution of known concentration ( standard solution ). The standard solution is delivered not usually from a burette so the volume added is known. This technique is known as titration. Often an indicator is used to show when the correct proportions have reacted.
mmol standard solution = mmol unknown solution M 1 * V 1 = M 2 * V 2
Wt. M.Wt. * meq standard solution = meq unknown solution N 1 * V 1 = N 2 * V 2
1//Acid–base titration:- It is acid react with base to obtain salt
Acid + Base (^) Salt + Water
An acid-base titration is the determination of the concentration of an acid or base by exactly neutralizing the acid/base with an acid or base of known concentration. This allows for quantitative analysis of the concentration of an unknown acid or base solution. We must be chosen a suitable indicator , the equivalence point of the reaction, the point at which equivalent amounts of the reactants have reacted. The point at which the indicator changes color is called the end point.
Indicator color Indicator pH Acidity medium Basics medium Methyl orange (M.O) 3.1 – 4.4 Red Yellow Bromocresol Green 3.3 – 4.5 Yellow Blue Methyl Red (M.R) 4.2 – 6.3 Red Yellow Bromo Thymol Blue 6 – 7.6 Yellow Blue Phenol Red (P.O) 6 - 8 Yellow Red Cresol Indigo 7.4 - 9 Yellow purple Phenol Phthalin (Ph. Ph) 8 – 9.8 Colorless Red Thymol Blue 8 – 9.8 Yellow Blue
