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Walden University Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam with Answers Graded A+ What is the link between major depression and cortisol secretion? A patient has chronic anemia associated with chronic renal failure. What substance does the healthcare professional tell the patient is needed to treat this anemia? What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in chil- dren? A patient is in the Emergency Department with heat stroke. What finding does the healthcare provider associate with this condition? Clinical manifestations that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the passage of large clots, and the depletion of iron stores support which diagnosis? The health care professional is caring for a person who has a pathologic fracture. The patient asks the profes- sional to explain the condition. What response by the professional is best? A patient has a temporary displacement of two bones in a joint causing the bone surfaces to partially lose contact with each other. What treatment does the health care professional prepare the patient for? Individuals with depression show that persistently elevat- ed plasma cortisol levels can result in inflammation that is believed to trigger depression Erythropoietin Periorbital edema Absence of sweating despite a high core temperature Abnormal uterine bleeding A fracture that happens at the site of an abnormality al- ready in that bone. Reduction and immobilization Cystic fibrosis is characterized by which symptom? Excessive mucus production measurement of the amount of blood ejected from a ven- tricle in one contraction disease of the central nervous system characterized by the demyelination (deterioration of the myelin sheath) Stroke Volume (SV) Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Walden University Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam with Answers Graded A+ quickly with time of nerve fibers, with episodes of neurologic dysfunction (exacerbation) followed by recovery (remission) Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) Minor stroke; where neurological function is regained autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles Headaches pain anywhere in the cranial cavity (a.k.a. cephalalgia) Seizure Disorders Head Injury Spinal Cord Injury the type of paralysis is determined by the level of the vertebra closest to the injury Inflammatory disease of the Musculoskeletal System Osteoporosis A condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily. Osteopenia abnormal reduction of bone mass Bursitis inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or fric- tion Tendinitis inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or un- usual use of the joint Gout a type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. a degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function Fractures a crack or break in a bone Myasthenia Gravis Lyme Disease Spondylosis
Walden University Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam with Answers Graded A+ Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) the unexplained death of a seemingly healthy baby A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing diflculty, coughing, and wheezing. Lead poisoning and ettects on neurological functioning an abnormal red blood cell that has a crescent shape and an abnormal form of hemoglobin A hereditary disease where blood does not coagulate to stop bleeding An infant has gluten-sensitive enteropathy and the par- ents ask the healthcare professional to explain why the baby bruises so easily. The professional explains that the baby has which deficit? A healthcare professional advises a pregnant woman to add supplements of which nutrient to her diet to prevent birth defects? A mother reports that her young teens have voracious appetites. The healthcare professional would explain that which hor- mone is linked to an increase in appetite during puberty? Vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption Folate Leptin Why is nasal congestion a serious threat to young infants? Infants are obligatory nose breathers. A student studying osteomyelitis and asks for an expla- nation of the term sequestrum. What response by the professor is best? Which statement by the healthcare professional accurately describes childhood asthma? An area of DE vascularized and devitalized bone An obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflam- mation Asthma Sickle Cell Hemophilia
Walden University Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam with Answers Graded A+ the capillaries to the interstitium A patient has a spinal cord injury at C4. What should the healthcare professional assess as the priority in this patient? Respirations Which cells function to maintain bone matrix? Osteocytes What is the ettect of low plasma albumin? Osmotic pressure decreases; thus water moves from Which immunoglobulin (Ig) is present in childhood asth- ma? Which mother does the healthcare professional prepare to administer Rh immune globulin (Rho-GAM) to? A parent brings a 10 - year-old child to the clinic and re- ports a mottled appearance to the skin and legs cramps when the child is in physical education class. Physical as- sessment positive for upper extremity hypertension. What diagnostic testing or treatment does the healthcare pro- fessional prepare the family for? In order to help prevent a preadolescent girl from devel- oping later cervical cancer, which virus does the health- care professional recommend vaccination against to the parent? Which pain theory proposes that a balance of impulses conducted from the spinal cord to the higher centers in the central nervous system (CNS) modulates the transmis- sion of pain? A newborn baby displays jaundice 20 hours after birth. What action by the healthcare professional is most appro- priate? What causes the vasomotor flushes (hot flashes) that are associated with declining ovarian function with age? IgE Is Rh-negative and the baby is Rh-positive An echocardiogram Human papillomavirus (HPV) Gate control theory (GCT) Draw blood to measure total bilirubin Rapid changes in estrogen levels
Walden University Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam with Answers Graded A+ A healthcare professional is seeing a patient with suspect- ed schizophrenia. For which prenatal occurrence should the professional assess? What congenital malformation is commonly linked to acute leukemia in children? Parents bring their 1-year-old child to the emergency department, reporting that the child has been irritable and pounding on her head, has projectile vomiting, and seems very sleepy for most of the last 3 days. What di- agnostic testing does the healthcare professional prepare the child and parents for as the priority? A patient in the hospital has been receiving heparin injec- tions. The platelet count on admission was 222,000/mm 3 and four days later is 113,000/mm 3. What action by the healthcare professional is best? A healthcare professional works with recent refugees. A mother brings in her children who have been diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. What action by the profes- sional is most appropriate? Which patient finding would lead the health care profes- sional to assess the patient for inflammatory joint disease? A student asks the professor what the most common pathophysiologic process is that triggers aplastic anemia (AA). What response by the professor is most accurate? A student is learning about pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). What information does the student clarify with a study partner as being correct? A patient in the healthcare clinic reports fatigue, weak- ness, and dyspnea, as well as pale conjunctiva of the eyes Viral infection Down syndrome Lumbar puncture with CSF cultures Switch the heparin to lepirudin Arrange to test for parasitic infections. Systemic symptoms of inflammation Autoimmune disease against hematopoiesis by activated cytotoxic T (Tc) cell Such an inflammation may result in permanent changes to the ciliated epithelium of the fallopian tubes.
and brittle, concave nails. What assessment by the health- care professional is most appropriate for the suspected anemia? A patient is 8 hours postoperative after a long orthopedic procedure. The student asks why this patient is at particu- lar risk of developing a thromboembolism. What response by the healthcare professional is best? A healthcare professional suspects a patient is brain dead. How would the professional assess for brain death? An adult patient has been hospitalized with thrombocy- topenia with a platelet count of 8000/mm 3. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate? A child with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is voiding smoky, brown-colored urine and asks the health- care professional to explain what causes it. What explana- tion by the professional is best? A patient has pernicious anemia and asks the healthcare professional to explain the disease. Which statement by the professional is most accurate? In immunoglobulin G (IgG) nephropathies such as glomerulonephritis, IgG is deposited in which location? A child has iron deficiency anemia. In addition to iron supplements, what else does the healthcare professional educate the parents on giving the child? Oral mucus membranes and tongue Patients tend to have venous stasis from orthopedic operations Remove the patient's ventilator to see if spontaneous breathing occurs. Tell the patient not to get out of bed without assistance Presence of red blood cells Your body cannot absorb vitamin B 12. Glomerulus basement membranes Vitamin C When are childhood cancers most often diagnosed? At peak time of physical growth Without prior exposure to an antigen, which cells are able to destroy some types of tumor cells and some virus-in- fected cells? Natural killer (NK) cells
A student asks the healthcare professional why re- searchers are trying to link specific genes to specific asth- ma phenotypes. What response by the professional is best? A health care professional is teaching a group of college women about increasing calcium in the diet to prevent osteoporosis. A participant asks at what age is peak bone mass is reached in women. What response is best? The student wants to know how the clinical manifestations and onset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) ditter from those of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adults. What answer by the healthcare professional is best? A child has Duchenne muscular dystrophy. What compli- cation does the healthcare professional teach the parents is most important to control? A 9 - year-old child has a blood pressure of 112/72 mmHg in the school nurse's oflce. What action by the school nurse is most appropriate? An infant is brought to the emergency department by parents who report that the baby's fontanels seem to be bulging outward. What action by the healthcare provider is most appropriate? What diagnosis is given to parents when their infant's hip maintains contact with the acetabulum but is not well seated within the hip joint? The student asks the professor for a definition of orexi- genic neurons. What description by the professor is most accurate? It can lead to personalized approaches to treatment. 30 years JIA predominantly attects large joints. Respiratory infection Note the normal finding in the child's records. Determine how much fluid the baby had in the last 24 hours. Subluxated hip Promote appetite and stimulate eating
A patient is in the intensive care unit and has intercranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. The patient's ICP is 17 mmHg. The healthcare professional notes that the chart indicates the patient is now in stage 1 intracranial hypertension. What assessment finding does the professional associate with this condition? A preschool teacher notices a child who has burrows on the hands that are several millimeters to 1 cm long, papules, and vesicular lesions. What other assessment finding would help the teacher determine the type of infestation the child has? A man has balanitis. What action by the healthcare profes- sional is most appropriate? Which condition is consistent with the cardiac defect of transposition of the great vessels? A newborn has meconium ileus. What diagnostic test does the healthcare professional advise the parents about? Which condition is considered a clinical cause of amenor- rhea? The healthcare professional directs a student to assess a teen who has Osgood-Schlatter disease. What assess- ment finding does the student anticipate for this disorder? A healthcare professional is educating a community men's group on symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The professional relates that most symptoms are a result of which pathophysiologic condition? A patient has been diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and asks the healthcare professional to No significant change in ICP readings upil changes Ask the child if itching occurs at night. Perform a finger stick for a blood glucose reading. The aorta arises from the right ventricle. A sweat test Failure to ovulate Tendinitis of the anterior patellar tendon Compression of the urethra ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by the presence of greater than 30% lymphoblasts in the bone marrow or blood
A healthcare professional has educated a student on folic acid. Which statement by the student indicates that more teaching is needed? A patient had a seizure that consisted of impaired con- sciousness and the appearance of a dreamlike state. How does the healthcare professional chart this episode? A health care professional is caring for a patient admitted to the hospital with severe anorexia. What action by the health care professional would be most important? Parents report their 3-week-old infant who eats well and has gained weight began to have projectile vomiting for no apparent reason. What treatment option does the healthcare professional prepare to educate the parents on? Prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) can result in which type of cancer? An infant has been diagnosed with intussusception and the student asks the healthcare professional to explain the condition. What explanation by the professional is most accurate? Local signs and symptoms of Hodgkin disease-related lymphadenopathy are a result of what? A woman has been diagnosed with polycystic ovary syn- drome but is confused because her pelvic ultrasound (US) was read as normal and did not show cysts. What response by the health care professional is most appro- priate? A healthcare professional wants to volunteer for a commu- nity education project to help prevent spinal cord injury. Folic acid is stored in the liver. Complex focal seizure Ensuring the patient is on a cardiac monitor Corrective surgery Vaginal cancer One part of the intestine telescopes into another section of the intestine Pressure and obstruction You do not need to have cysts on your ovaries to have this condition. Teaching older adults how to prevent trip-and-fall events
What activity would the professional most likely volunteer for? A person has abnormally severe tooth decay and erosion of the tooth enamel. What problem should the health care professional assess the person for? Bulimia What is the consequence of a splenectomy? The number of defective cells in circulation increases A patient is admitted to the hospital with multiple myelo- ma (MM). Which diagnostic test should the healthcare professional assess as the priority? A patient has been hospitalized with Guillain-Barré syn- drome (GBS). The patient asks how this could have oc- curred. What response by the healthcare professional is best? A parent asks the healthcare professional to explain why a child diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot squats frequently. What explanation by the professional is best? A patient is in status epilepticus. In addition to giving medication to stop the seizures, what would the health- care professional place highest priority on? Serum calcium level It is often preceded by a viral illness. Relieves hypoxia Providing oxygen
