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Water Pollution - Ecological Perspective - Lecture Slides, Slides of Ecology and Environment

Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology Ecology and Environment

These are the lecture slides of Ecological Perspective .Key important points are: Water Pollution, Nonpoint Sources, Bodies of Surface Water, Agricultural Activities, Leading Cause of Water Pollution, Food-Processing Wastes, Water Pollutants, Levels of Degradable

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2012/2013

Uploaded on 01/18/2013

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Water pollution comes from point and

nonpoint sources

•Water pollution is any change in water quality

that harms humans or other living organisms

or makes water unsuitable for human uses

such as drinking, irrigation, and recreation.

–Point sources discharge pollutants at specific

locations through drain pipes, ditches, or sewer

lines into bodies of surface water.

•Because point sources are located at specific places,

they are fairly easy to identify, monitor, and regulate.

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Water pollution comes from point and

nonpoint sources

• Water pollution is any change in water quality

that harms humans or other living organisms

or makes water unsuitable for human uses

such as drinking, irrigation, and recreation.

Point sources discharge pollutants at specific locations through drain pipes, ditches, or sewer lines into bodies of surface water. - Because point sources are located at specific places, they are fairly easy to identify, monitor, and regulate.

Water pollution comes from point and

nonpoint sources

Nonpoint sources are broad, diffuse areas, rather than points, from which pollutants enter bodies of surface water or air. - Difficult and expensive to identify and control discharges from many diffuse sources.
Agricultural activities are the leading cause of water pollution, including sediment from erosion, fertilizers and pesticides, bacteria from livestock and food-processing wastes, and excess salts from soils of irrigated cropland.

Major water pollutants have harmful

effects

• According to the WHO, an estimated 4,

people die each day from preventable

infectious diseases that they get from drinking

contaminated water.

Major Water Pollutants and Their

Sources

Streams can cleanse themselves, if we do

not overload them

Laws enacted in the 1970s to control water

pollution have greatly increased the number and

quality of plants that treat wastewater—water

that contains sewage and other wastes from

homes and industries—in the United States and

in most other more-developed countries.

Laws also require industries to reduce or

eliminate their point-source discharges of

harmful chemicals into surface waters.

Streams can cleanse themselves, if we do

not overload them

In most less-developed countries, stream

pollution from discharges of untreated

sewage, industrial wastes, and discarded trash

is a serious and growing problem.

According to the World Commission on Water

in the 21st Century, half of the world’s 500

major rivers are heavily polluted, and most of

these polluted waterways run through less-

developed countries.

Too little mixing and low water flow make lakes

vulnerable to water pollution

Many toxic chemicals and acids also enter lakes and reservoirs from the atmosphere.
Eutrophication refers to the natural nutrient enrichment of a shallow lake, estuary, or slow- moving stream usually caused by runoff of plant nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates from surrounding land.
An oligotrophic lake is low in nutrients and its water is clear.

Too little mixing and low water flow make lakes

vulnerable to water pollution

Near urban or agricultural areas, human activities can greatly accelerate the input of plant nutrients to a lake (cultural eutrophication). - During hot weather or drought, this nutrient overload produces dense growths or “blooms” of organisms, such as algae and cyanobacteria, and thick growths of aquatic plants. - This dense plant life can reduce lake productivity and fish growth by decreasing the input of solar energy needed for photosynthesis by phytoplankton that support fish. - The algae die and decompose, providing food for aerobic bacteria, which deplete dissolved oxygen. Low oxygen then can kill fish and other aerobic aquatic animals.

Too little mixing and low water flow make lakes

vulnerable to water pollution

Banning or limiting the use of phosphates in household detergents and other cleaning agents.
Employ soil conservation and land-use control to reduce nutrient runoff.
Ways to clean up lakes suffering from cultural eutrophication:
Mechanically remove excess weeds.
Control undesirable plant growth with herbicides and algaecides.
Pump air through lakes and reservoirs to prevent oxygen depletion.

Groundwater cannot cleanse itself

very well

• Groundwater pollution is a serious threat to

human health.

• Common pollutants such as fertilizers,

pesticides, gasoline, and organic solvents can

seep into groundwater from numerous sources.

• When groundwater becomes contaminated, it

cannot cleanse itself of degradable wastes as

quickly as flowing surface water does.

Groundwater pollution is a serious hidden

threat in some areas

Little is known about groundwater pollution

because it is expensive to locate, track, and

test aquifers.

Groundwater provides about 70% of China’s

drinking water.

In 2006, the Chinese government reported

that aquifers in about nine of every ten

Chinese cities are polluted or overexploited,

and could take hundreds of years to recover.

Groundwater pollution is a serious hidden

threat in some areas

In the US, an EPA survey of 26,000 industrial waste ponds and lagoons found that one-third of them had no liners to prevent toxic liquid wastes from seeping into aquifers.
Almost two-thirds of America’s liquid hazardous wastes are injected into the ground in disposal wells, some of which leak water into aquifers used as sources of drinking water.
By 2008, the EPA had completed the cleanup of about 357,000 of 479,000+ underground tanks in the US that were leaking gasoline, diesel fuel, home heating oil, or toxic solvents into groundwater.

Pollution prevention is the only effective way

to protect groundwater

Find substitutes for toxic chemicals.
Keep toxic chemicals out of the environment.
Install monitoring wells near landfills and

underground tanks.

Require leak detectors on underground tanks.
Ban hazardous waste disposal in landfills and

injection wells.

Store harmful liquids in aboveground tanks with

leak detection and collection systems.

There are many ways to purify drinking

water

Most of the more-developed countries have laws establishing drinking water standards. But most of the less-developed countries do not have such laws or, if they do have them, they do not enforce them.
More-developed countries usually store surface water in a reservoir to increasing dissolved oxygen content and allow suspended matter to settle, then pumped water to a purification plant and treat it to meet government drinking water standards.

Water Pollution - Ecological Perspective - Lecture Slides, Slides of Ecology and Environment

Related documents

Partial preview of the text

Download Water Pollution - Ecological Perspective - Lecture Slides and more Slides Ecology and Environment in PDF only on Docsity!

Water pollution comes from point and

nonpoint sources

• Water pollution is any change in water quality

that harms humans or other living organisms

or makes water unsuitable for human uses

such as drinking, irrigation, and recreation.

Water pollution comes from point and

nonpoint sources

Major water pollutants have harmful

effects

• According to the WHO, an estimated 4,

people die each day from preventable

infectious diseases that they get from drinking

contaminated water.

Major Water Pollutants and Their

Sources

Streams can cleanse themselves, if we do

not overload them

pollution have greatly increased the number and

quality of plants that treat wastewater—water

that contains sewage and other wastes from

homes and industries—in the United States and

in most other more-developed countries.

eliminate their point-source discharges of

harmful chemicals into surface waters.

Streams can cleanse themselves, if we do

not overload them

pollution from discharges of untreated

sewage, industrial wastes, and discarded trash

is a serious and growing problem.

in the 21st Century, half of the world’s 500

major rivers are heavily polluted, and most of

these polluted waterways run through less-

developed countries.

Too little mixing and low water flow make lakes

vulnerable to water pollution

Too little mixing and low water flow make lakes

vulnerable to water pollution

Too little mixing and low water flow make lakes

vulnerable to water pollution

Groundwater cannot cleanse itself

very well

• Groundwater pollution is a serious threat to

human health.

• Common pollutants such as fertilizers,

pesticides, gasoline, and organic solvents can

seep into groundwater from numerous sources.

• When groundwater becomes contaminated, it

cannot cleanse itself of degradable wastes as

quickly as flowing surface water does.

Groundwater pollution is a serious hidden

threat in some areas

because it is expensive to locate, track, and

test aquifers.

drinking water.

that aquifers in about nine of every ten

Chinese cities are polluted or overexploited,

and could take hundreds of years to recover.

Groundwater pollution is a serious hidden

threat in some areas

Pollution prevention is the only effective way

to protect groundwater

underground tanks.

injection wells.

leak detection and collection systems.

There are many ways to purify drinking

water