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Cardiovascular Pathologies: Arteriosclerosis, Atherosclerosis, Angina, Claudication, Perip, Exams of Nursing

A.T. Still University of Health Sciences (ATSU)Nursing

An overview of various cardiovascular pathologies including arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis, angina pectoris, intermittent claudication, peripheral arterial disease, peripheral venous disease, myocarditis, endocarditis, pericarditis, dyspnea, cyanosis, rheumatic diseases, raynaud's disease, and thromboangitis obliterans. It covers symptoms, signs, etiology, prognosis, and treatment for each condition.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 04/05/2024

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Week 2b Cardiovascular Pathologies.
Arteriosclerosis
- narrowing and hardening of arteries
- normal process of aging
- HTN makes this process more rapid
Atherosclerosis
- as per Arteriosclerosis but narrowing is due to lifestyle
- high fat, high cholesterol, low exercise
Brainpower
Read More
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Move forward 10 seconds
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Angina Pectoris
Description
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Week 2b Cardiovascular Pathologies.

Arteriosclerosis

  • narrowing and hardening of arteries
  • normal process of aging
  • HTN makes this process more rapid Atherosclerosis
  • as per Arteriosclerosis but narrowing is due to lifestyle
  • high fat, high cholesterol, low exercise Brainpower Read More Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0: / 0: Full screen Angina Pectoris Description
  • acute ischemic chest pain
  • almost always related to atherosclerotic heart disease Angina Pectoris S&S
  • severe sharp, pain felt in upper chest
  • referred pain in neck, left shoulder, left arm Angina Pectoris Treatment
  • mild/moderate: angioplasty
  • severe/multiple: heart bypass Agnina Pectoris Medical Nitroglycerin Angina Pectoris PT
  • Do NOT treat unstable angina
  • stable yes, but under specific directions Intermittent Claudication Description
  • elevation helps
  • dependent position makes it worse Peripheral Arterial Disease Description is a PVD, but specific to Arterial
  • insufficient blood to LE Peripheral Arterial Disease Symptoms
  • leg pain when walking, cool skin, loss of hair and thinning of the skin on the legs, skin ulcers
  • if leg pain when walking, leads to intermittent claudication Peripheral Arterial Disease Treatment exercise that promotes circulation, w/o pain Peripheral Venous Disease Description is a PVD, but specific to VENOUS
  • pooling of venous blood in LE
  • blood unable to return to heart Peripheral Venous Disease

Symptoms

  • warm skin
  • darkened skin pigmentation
  • LE swelling
  • ulcers Peripheral Venous Disease Treatment
  • exercise that promotes circulation
  • compression wraps
  • medications to reduce swelling Myocarditis Description inflammation of myocardium (heart muscle) Myocarditis Etiology viral or parasite, chemical exposure or autoimmune Myocarditis S&S unable to lay supine (orthopnea), tachycardia, chest pain, reduce urine output

Pericarditis Etiology virus or bacteria,

  • radiation Pericarditis S&S
  • chest, neck, shoulder or back pain
  • dyspnea Pericarditis Prognosis GOOD if bacterial function
  • long recovery if radiation from OHS Dyspnea Description shortness of breath Dyspnea Etiology related to heart or pulmonary conditions

Dyspnea S&S shortness of breath at rest Dyspnea PT dyspnea is an indication oxygen saturation is low or WILL be low Cyanosis Description insufficient oxygen to area Cyanosis Etiology

  • central: usually associated with lung disease
  • peripheral: usually assocaited with cardiac disease Cyanosis S&S
  • central: lips, tongue, or ears tinge of blue
  • peripheral: blueish to fingernails, nail beds, toes or nose Cyanosis

acute fever causes joint pain Rheumatic Diseases - Fever Etiology strep throat Rheumatic Diseases - Fever S&S

  • sore throat, with fever or cold symptoms
  • pain: neck, shoulder, elbow, hands, knees, ankles Rheumatic Diseases - Fever Prognosis antibiotics Raynaud's Disease/Syndrome Description massive vasoconstriction, primary in hands Raynaud's Disease/Syndrome Etiology connective tissue disorder or unknown

Raynaud's Disease/Syndrome S&S high sensitivity to cold, paleness of skin, especially hands Raynaud's Disease/Syndrome PT cold packs should NOT be used, aquatics must be warm temperature Thromboangitis Obliterans (Burgers Disease) Description inflammation of thrombosis Thromboangitis Obliterans (Burgers Disease) S&S

  • intensity to hot/cold
  • gangrenous tissue, burning/tingling at rest
  • intermittent pain (UE or LE)
  • hands/feet - ulcers)
  • hands/feet - pale or red Thromboangitis Obliterans (Burgers Disease) Prognosis
  • resolved with smoke cessation
  • amputation in severe cases