WEEK 6 REFLECTIVE JOURNAL 1
Week 6 Reflective Journal
Chapter 21: Theoretical Perspectives on Caring
Master’s questions
1. What were the data sources identified by Ray (1989) in her study on bureaucratic caring
for nursing practice in the organizational culture? Describe and list them.
The author carried out the ethnographic and grounded theory qualitative research in an
acute health facility in an urban area to deal with the following areas: explanations of the
meaning of care in healthcare culture, identification of categories of care in the healthcare
organization, identifying dominant caring actions displayed inside each caring facility, and
formulation of organizational caring theory (Smith, Turkel, & Wolf, 2012). In this case, the
researcher wanted to establish the meaning of caring to different people.
2. How were the categories of caring developed? List them.
A substantive theory known as Differential Caring was established and this elaborated
that caring in a healthcare unit is based in the following categories of caring: empathy, liability,
love, concern, etc (Smith, Turkel, & Wolf, 2012). This means that the manner in which the
healthcare professionals deliver care to the patients should be measured by such values such as
empathy, liability, love, and concern. It is important for nurses and healthcare professionals to
show compassionate to patients to enhance their recovery process.
3. What were Ray’s (1989) tacit and explicit assumptions as she approached the study of
caring in organizational cultures?
Ray assumed that the different individuals have different meanings of caring. Some of the
ways of measuring care include empathy, liability, love, and concern (Ray, 2012).
