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WGU C165 Integrated Physical Sciences
Terms in this set (173)
Physics The study of forces, energy, motion Chemistry The study of atoms and molecules, their structures, and their interactions to form substances Earth science The study of the Earth's structure and composition, and processes that change Earth Studies the natural world Uses testable ideas essential attributes of science Relies on data from observations/experiments Presented for evaluation by other scientists Leads to further questions/research variables The changing quantities in an experiment
independent variable What you change in an experiment on purpose dependent variable The variable that changes because of an independent variable control variable The variable(s) you don't want to study, need to be either eliminated or kept constant observational study When systems are observed as they appear in nature, researchers do not attempt to change them physical model A model of a physical phenomenon, such as a planetary system conceptual model A model used to visualize things that cannot be seen, such as atoms mathematical model A model that treats physical objects/phenomena using mathematical methods Upgrade (^) to remove ads Only $3.99/month
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Sign Up Upgrade to remove ads Only^ $3.99/month Speed The name for the distance traveled divided by an interval of time Volume Term for the amount of space an object occupies Liquid displacement Method of determining the volume of an object by measuring the amount of liquid it displaces direct relationship A relationship between two variables where increasing one increases the other, and vice versa inverse relationship A relationship between two variables where increasing one decreases the other, and vice versa Velocity A combination of speed and direction Acceleration Term for any change in an object's speed and/or direction
Force Term for a push or a pull with direction and magnitude. You may not feel it. Net force The sum of all forces acting on an object balanced forces Term for forces that combine to produce a net force of 0 Upgrade (^) to remove ads Only $3.99/month Newton's first law An object in motion remains in motion unless acted on by a net force inertia The tenancy to keep the same motion/velocity or remain at rest. Newton's first law Newton's second law Net force = mass x acceleration (F = ma) When one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object Newton's third law exerts a force of the same magnitude in the opposite direction on the first object ("For every action, an equal and opposite reaction")
Elastic collision A collision in which the total kinetic energy is conserved Inelastic collision A collision in which the total kinetic energy is not conserved Work Term for the displacement of an object in the direction of an applied force by using/converting energy Energy The capacity to do work or cause change Kinetic energy The energy objects have because they are moving. Increases with mass and velocity potential energy Energy that is stored Formula for work work = force x displacement gravitational potential energy Energy an object has due to its height above the ground. Increases with mass and height. Upgrade (^) to remove ads Only $3.99/month
chemical potential energy Energy that is stored in the chemical bonds in a substance elastic potential energy Energy stored in stretched springs, rubber bands, etc. electromagnetic energy Energy carried by electromagnetic waves. Light energy. thermal energy Energy from the motion of atoms and molecules. Depends on mass and temperature Law of conservation of energy Term for the fact that energy cannot be created/destroyed, only transferred/converted oscillation A repetitive motion that occurs around a center point or equilibrium equilibrium A position or state to which an oscillating object eventually returns to wave A repeating and periodic disturbance (oscillation) that travels from one point to another, transferring energy mechanical waves Type of waves that require a medium (air, water, etc.) to travel through, cannot travel through a vaccuum transverse wave Wave where the oscillation is perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling
sound wave A disturbance we can hear that moves through a medium away from the source Matter Anything that takes up space and has mass Atom The basic building block of matter valence electrons The electrons in the outer most shell of an atom Element A pure substance made of only one kind of atom, defined by its proton count atomic number The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom Chemical Any substance that has a definite, fixed composition Compound a chemical combination of two or more different elements in a fixed ratio chemical bonds the attractive forces that hold atoms together organic compound Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen Inorganic compounds Compounds that are not organic compounds
pure substance A chemical containing only one type of element or compound Mixture A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined and not present in a specific, fixed ratio heterogeneous mixture A mixture in which pure substances are unevenly distributed throughout the mixture homogeneous mixture A mixture in which substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture macroscopic properties The properties observed when a large number of particles interact microscopic properties Properties at the small scale, such as properties of atoms and molecules Troposphere The lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere where weather occurs Stratosphere the layer above the troposphere; the ozone layer is found in this layer, planes fly here ozone layer Protective layer in atmosphere that shields earth from UV radiation. Mesosphere The layer of Earth's atmosphere immediately above the stratosphere, where meteors burn up
covalent bond Bond formed between atoms that share valence electrons metallic bond Bond formed between atoms of metals using an electron sea where valence electrons move about freely period Name for a row in the periodic table group Name for a column in the periodic table family Name for elements in the same group of the periodic table that have the same number of valence electrons metals Term for elements that tend to lose electrons malleability The ability to be shaped by pounding without breaking apart ductility The ability to be stretched into wire nonmetals Term for elements with electrons very tightly associated with the nucleus metalloids Term for elements that are shiny like metal but have intermediate electrical conductivity (i.e. semiconductors) law of conservation of matter Term for the fact that matter cannot be created/destroyed, but can be converted between forms through physical or chemical changes
coefficient Number used to indicate the ratio of chemicals in a reaction, written before chemical formula Temperature Term for the measure of the average kinetic energy per particle Thermal energy Term for the total energy in the particles of an object nebula A cloud of gasses and particles nuclear fusion Process where hydrogen and other nuclei fuse together into larger nuclei star Celestial body that held together by its own gravity that releases light and other forms of radiant energy generated by nuclear fusion
A slowly moving mass of ice formed by the accumulation and glacier compaction of snow that flows slowly over time deposition The process in which soil, sediment, or rocks are added to a landform meanders Curves in a river formed by eroding the outer bank and depositing sediment on the inner bank A naturally occurring, solid inorganic element/compound formed by mineral natural processes, with a limited range of possible chemical composition and a definite arrangement of atoms sedimentary rocks Rocks made up of weathered particles (sand, silt, clay, gravel, cobbles, or even boulders) that have been cemented together into hard rock igneous rocks Rocks formed by lava or magma metamorphic rocks Rocks formed through heat and pressure which causes their minerals to change rock cycle Name for the various processes that change rocks from one form to Precambrian Era Era consisting of Hadean, Archean, and Proterozoic eons 4 eons Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic
Paleozoic era Era consisting of greatest diversification of life on earth Mesozoic era Era when the dinosaurs thrived Cenozoic era Current era, the age of mammals principle of superposition Principle stating in undeformed sedimentary rocks, each bed is younger than the one below it If a rock, fault, or other feature cuts through a rock layer, that rock layer principle of crosscutting relationships must have been pre-existing in order to have been cut through. Determines relative ages of different rocks unconformity A buried erosional surface, suggesting a lack of information convergent boundary A tectonic plate boundary where the plates push into each other, causing large quakes divergent boundary A tectonic plate boundary where the plates are separating, with volcanoes and few, weak quakes
