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WGU C165 OA EXAM INTEGRATED PHYSICAL
SCIENCES
What energy conversion takes place as a box slides to a stop on a horizontal table?
a. Kinetic energy is converted into thermal energy. b. Gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. c. Chemical potential energy is converted into gravitational potential energy. d. Elastic potential energy is converted into gravitational potential energy.✔✔Kinetic energy is converted into thermal energy.
What energy conversion occurs in a car's engine?
a. Kinetic energy is converted into elastic potential energy. b. Gravitational potential energy is converted into electrical potential energy. c. Chemical potential energy is converted into thermal energy. d. Thermal energy is converted into gravitational potential energy.✔✔Chemical potential energy is converted into thermal energy.
Which kind of electromagnetic radiation carries information to and from a cell phone when it is used for a phone call?
a. Microwaves b. X-rays c. Infrared radiation d. Ultraviolet radiation✔✔Microwaves
A mathematical model is used to predict the trajectory of a bullet fired from a gun. Which discipline of physical science is used to develop this model?
a. Physics b. Chemistry c. Earth science d. Astronomy✔✔Physics
An environmental scientist monitors pollutants in a lake. Which two disciplines of physical science does this scientist use? Choose 2 answers:
a. Astronomy b. Chemistry c. Earth science d. Physics✔✔Chemistry & Earth Science
Which study involves both Earth science and physics? ✔✔ a. Calculating how much energy is associated with a hurricane b. Measuring the energy produced by a generator c. Comparing the composition of crude oil from different regions d. Monitoring changes in phosphorus levels of a lake✔✔Calculating how much energy is associated with a hurricane
Where is metamorphic rock found in the rock cycle?
a. After erosion and deposition b. After folding and cracking c. After heat and pressure d. After melting and cooling✔✔After heat and pressure
Through which layer of the atmosphere does a mountaineer climbing a tall mountain ascend?
a. Troposphere b. Stratosphere c. Mesosphere d. Thermosphere✔✔Troposphere
A meteorologist is studying the formation of a hurricane.
Which layer of the atmosphere is the meteorologist studying?
a. Troposphere
d. Prediction✔✔Law
The well-accepted scientific explanation for many characteristics of Earth's crust states that the crust is broken into several large plates. These plates move slowly over the mantle below because of convection and other processes. Earthquakes and volcanoes are most common at places where the plates interact. Evidence from physics, chemistry, and geology supports this explanation.
Which type of scientific idea is this explanation an example of?
a. Hypothesis b. Theory c. Law d. Prediction✔✔Theory
A student proposes that sugar will dissolve faster in rubbing alcohol than in water. The student reasons that sugar and rubbing alcohol both contain carbon so they will mix more easily.
Which type of scientific idea is the student's proposal an example of?
a. Hypothesis b. Theory c. Law d. Observation✔✔Hypothesis
Why was the shrinking Earth idea replaced by the theory of plate tectonics?
a. Plate tectonics was a new theory, which made it more reliable. b. Plate tectonics explained observations about Earth that the shrinking Earth idea could not explain. c. Geologists voted on which theory to accept, and chose plate tectonics. d. Many well-known geologists were involved in proposing plate tectonics.✔✔Plate tectonics explained observations about Earth that the shrinking Earth idea could not explain.
Astronomers have long accepted that plate tectonics exists nowhere in our solar system except on Earth. In 2011, a scientist analyzed 100 NASA-space-mission photographs of Valles Marineris on Mars, the longest known series of canyons in the solar system. The scientist found that Valles Marineris showed features found only in locations on Earth where major tectonic plates divide.
What would be the appropriate response of scientists to this information?
a. Reject plate tectonics on Mars as the explanation because it contradicts accepted science b. Decide whether to accept plate tectonics on Mars based on the reputation of scientists involved c. Hold public debates among scientists and then vote whether plate tectonics occurs on Mars d. Carry out further research to gain more understanding of possible plate tectonics on Mars✔✔Carry out further research to gain more understanding of possible plate tectonics on Mars
According to the theory of plate tectonics, volcanoes are especially likely to form along plate boundaries because of rising magma. New satellite data mapping the ocean floor reveals thousands of seamounts, which are small volcanoes. Some of the seamounts are in lines that could correspond to past or present plate boundaries, but many are not aligned in this way.
How should scientists appropriately respond to the idea that some new mechanism of forming the volcanoes is involved?
a. Reject it because it contradicts the theory of plate tectonics b. Accept it if the person proposing it is a credible expert on plate tectonics. c. Carry out more research to understand better how the seamounts form d. Stage public debates to get a consensus on how the seamounts form✔✔Carry out more research to understand better how the seamounts form
For many decades, scientists thought they understood how ozone breaks down in the stratosphere, creating ozone holes. However, new data show significantly lower reaction rates than can be explained by the long-held model.
What happens when the same net force, sufficient to overcome static friction, is applied to each box?
a. The box with less mass accelerates more. b. The box with more mass accelerates more. c. Both boxes accelerate at the same rate. d. Both boxes remain at rest.✔✔The box with less mass accelerates more.
Two identical train engines are parked on parallel tracks. One engine has ten cars attached, and the other has no cars attached. Each engine exerts the same net force, which allows the train to overcome static friction.
Which engine will be able to accelerate more?
a. The engine not pulling any cars will accelerate more. b. The engine pulling ten cars will accelerate more. c. Both engines will accelerate at the same rate. d. Both engines will remain at rest.✔✔The engine not pulling any cars will accelerate more.
A woman applies an upward force to a basket filled with groceries. Assume she is standing still.
What will happen to the basket if the force she applies is greater than the force of gravity?
a. The basket will move sideways. b. The basket will remain at the same height. c. The basket will move up. d. The basket will move down.✔✔The basket will move up.
A heavy truck and a light car travel at the same velocity side-by-side on the highway. Both drivers apply the same braking force at the same moment.
What will happen to the two vehicles?
a. The car will slow down more quickly than the truck. b. The truck will slow down more quickly than the car. c. Both vehicles will slow down at the same rate. d. The car will slow down but the truck will continue at the same speed.✔✔The car will slow down more quickly than the truck.
Which force causes graphite from the tip of a pencil to transfer to the paper?
a. Friction b. Gravity c. Air Resistance d. Tension✔✔Friction
Which force keeps Jupiter in orbit around the Sun?
a. Air resistance b. Gravity c. Kinetic friction d. Magnetism✔✔Gravity
Which force causes a jet airplane to stop on a runway?
a. Friction b. Gravity c. Tension d. Centripetal Force✔✔Friction
Which force causes meteors to burn up when they enter Earth's atmosphere?
a. Friction b. Gravity c. Magnetism d. Tension✔✔Friction
A slingshot is a Y-shaped stick with rubber bands between the prongs for shooting stones and other small projectiles. A stone is shot by first placing it in the slingshot
After natural disasters, first responders can locate survivors in the rubble by using thermal detectors. Because the victims' bodies are warmer than their surroundings, the difference in temperature is detected by electromagnetic waves.
Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum is being detected?
a. Radio waves b. Infrared radiation c. Ultraviolet radiation d. X-rays✔✔Infrared radiation
Airport security uses electromagnetic radiation to form images of objects inside passenger luggage.
Which type of electromagnetic radiation is used in this way?
a. Radio waves b. Visible light c. Ultraviolet radiation d. X-rays✔✔X-rays
Which type of wave has a longitudinal motion?
a. Gamma waves b. Transverse waves c. Sound waves d. Light waves✔✔Sound waves
Which is a characteristic of electromagnetic waves?
a. Transverse wave motion b. Travels faster through water than air c. Longitudinal wave motion d. Can travel only through a vacuum✔✔Transverse wave motion
Which subatomic particle is located outside the nucleus?
a. Proton b. Neutron c. Electron d. Ion✔✔Electron
What charge does a neutron have?
a. Positive charge b. Negative charge c. No charge d. Variable charge✔✔No charge
A chocolate chip cookie is made with dough and chocolate chips.
Which type of substance is a chocolate chip cookie?
a. Element b. Compound c. Mixture d. Mineral✔✔Mixture
Which example describes a compound?
a. A substance with only iron atoms b. A substance with sodium atoms bonded to chlorine atoms c. A substance with fluorine and nitrogen atoms that are not bonded together d. A substance with iron and aluminum atoms that are not bonded to each other✔✔A substance with sodium atoms bonded to chlorine atoms
In which state of matter are particles close together, but able to slide past one another?
a. Liquid b. Solid c. Plasma
d. More than 505 g✔✔505 g
A chemist places 250 grams of liquid water into a beaker. The volume of the liquid water is 250 milliliters. The chemist then freezes the water. After it is frozen, the ice has a volume of 273 milliliters.
What is the mass of the ice?
a. 250 grams b. Between 250 grams and 273 grams c. 273 grams d. More than 250 grams✔✔250 grams
When baking soda is added to vinegar, a chemical reaction occurs. The reaction produces carbon dioxide gas, and a liquid solution consisting mostly of water and a salt called sodium acetate.
How is mass affected in this reaction, according to the law of conservation of matter?
a. The total mass of baking soda and carbon dioxide must equal the total mass of the liquid solution. b. The total mass of baking soda and vinegar must equal the total mass of carbon dioxide and the liquid solution. c. The total mass of baking soda and vinegar must equal the total mass of the liquid solution. d. The total mass of vinegar and water must equal the total mass of baking soda, carbon dioxide, and the liquid solution.✔✔The total mass of baking soda and vinegar must equal the total mass of carbon dioxide and the liquid solution.
In which phase change is energy being absorbed from the surroundings?
a. A pond freezing over in winter b. Water boiling on an electric burner c. Molten glass solidifying into a vase
d. Clouds forming on a summer day✔✔Water boiling on an electric burner
What happens when wet clothes dry outside on a warm day?
a. The water in the clothes absorbs energy from the air and becomes a gas. b. The water in the clothes releases energy into the air and becomes a gas. c. The air absorbs energy from the water and changes the water into a gas. d. The air releases energy into the clothes and changes into liquid water.✔✔The water in the clothes absorbs energy from the air and becomes a gas.
A geologist is doing a risk assessment for a location where the African plate is moving away from the South American plate.
Which risk description must the geologist give for this location?
a. There is high risk of volcanoes and low risk of large earthquakes. b. There is low risk of volcanoes and high risk of large earthquakes. c. There is high risk of both volcanoes and large earthquakes. d. There is low risk of both volcanoes and large earthquakes.✔✔There is high risk of volcanoes and low risk of large earthquakes.
A utility company is considering building a power plant at a location on the Eurasian plate far from any plate boundaries.
Which types of risk are present in this location?
a. Low risk of volcanoes, high risk of earthquakes b. High risk of volcanoes, low risk of earthquakes c. Low risk of both volcanoes and earthquakes d. High risk of both volcanoes and earthquakes✔✔Low risk of both volcanoes and earthquakes
A river flows across a region. As the river flows, it erodes the rock beneath it.
A gardener is working in a garden on a hot, humid day. Suddenly, clouds begin to form. Within a few hours, gusty winds and a thunderstorm are passing through the area. After the storms pass, the weather is clear and much cooler.
What caused this change in weather?
a. A high pressure system rested over the area. b. A low pressure system rested over the area. c. A cold front moved through the area. d. A warm front moved through the area.✔✔A cold front moved through the area.
A hiker needs to select a day for a hike. The hiker examines weather forecasts for the next several days.
Which day should the hike be planned for, if the hiker wants to hike on a clear day with no clouds?
a. A day when a high pressure system rests over the area b. A day when a low pressure system rests over the area c. A day when a warm front moves through d. A day when a cold front moves through✔✔A day when a high pressure system rests over the area
Earth formed from dust and gases surrounding the sun.
Which force pulled the dust and gases together to form Earth?
a. Gravitational b. Electrical c. Magnetic d. Frictional✔✔Gravitational
A galaxy consists of many stars in the same large region of space.
Which phenomenon leads stars to group together to form a galaxy?
a. Gravity between stars b. Electrical attraction c. Random coincidence d. Nuclear force between ions✔✔Gravity between stars
What is true during summer in the northern hemisphere?
a. Earth is closer to the sun than during the winter. b. Earth rotates more slowly than in the winter. c. The northern hemisphere receives more direct sunlight than in the winter. d. The northern hemisphere is tilted less toward the sun than in the winter.✔✔The northern hemisphere receives more direct sunlight than in the winter. Which of these is an example of climate change caused by natural variation?
a. The low rainfall that helped produce the dust bowl in the American Great Plains b. The increase in the Sahara desert's area from overgrazing by farm animals in North Africa c. The decrease in average humidity of the air from draining swampland in an area d. The decrease of rainfall from cutting down the trees in a rainforest✔✔The low rainfall that helped produce the dust bowl in the American Great Plains
What is an example of climate change that can be caused by human activity?
a. Changes in average temperature from increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide b. Changes in average temperature from changes in the sun's energy emission c. Changes in average temperature over Earth's history from changes in Earth's tilt d. Changes in temperature from the onset of the last ice age✔✔Changes in average temperature from increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide
