Landmark Supreme Court Cases: Summaries and Solutions | Exams Law

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WGU C963 Court Cases with Complete Solutions

Marbury v. Madison - -This case involved

the Judiciary Act of 1789. The Supreme Court

declared that the law conflicted with the U.S.

Constitution, and the case established the

principle of judicial review wherein the Supreme

Court has the power to declare laws passed by

Congress and signed by the president to be

unconstitutional.

Dred Scott v. Sanford - -Supreme Court

case that decided US Congress did not have the

power to prohibit slavery in federal territories and

slaves, as private property, could not be taken

away without due process - basically slaves

would remain slaves in non-slave states and

slaves could not sue because they were not

citizens

Plessy v. Ferguson - -a 1896 Supreme

Court decision which legalized state ordered

segregation so long as the facilities for blacks

and whites were equal

United States v. Miller - -1939; ruled that

the National Firearms Act of 1934 was

constitutional, allowing federal govt to ban

interstate shipping of some unregistered guns

(because it was unrelated to state militias)

Korematsu v. US - -1944 Supreme Court

case where the Supreme Court upheld the order

providing for the relocation of Japanese

Americans. It was not until 1988 that Congress

formally apologized and agreed to pay $20,000 2

each survivor

Brown v Board ofEducation of Topeka (1954) -

-Supreme Court ruling that overturned the

Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court Case of

1896. "Separate but equal" is Unconstitutional in

the field of public education

Mapp v. Ohio - -Established the

exclusionary rule was applicable to the states

(evidence seized illegally cannot be used in

court)

Gideon v. Wainwright - -A person who

cannot afford an attorney may have one

appointed by the government

Sherbert vs. Verner - -Unemployment may

not be denied on religious basis

Grsiwold v. Connecticut - -Although several

state constitutions do list the right to privacy as a

protected right, the explicit recognition by the

Supreme Court of a right to privacy in the U.S.

Constitution emerged only in the middle of the

twentieth century. In this 1965 case, the court

spelled out the right to privacy for the first time in

a case that struck down a state law forbidding

even married individuals to use any form of

contraception.

Miranda v. Arizona - -Supreme Court held

that criminal suspects must be informed of their

right to consult with an attorney and of their right

against self-incrimination prior to questioning by

police.

Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections -

-Struck down poll taxes at the state level

Tinker v. Des Moines - -Students have the

right to symbolic speech at school as long as it is

not disruptive

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Marbury v. Madison - - This case involved the Judiciary Act of 1789. The Supreme Court declared that the law conflicted with the U.S. Constitution, and the case established the principle of judicial review wherein the Supreme Court has the power to declare laws passed by Congress and signed by the president to be unconstitutional. Dred Scott v. Sanford - - Supreme Court case that decided US Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery in federal territories and slaves, as private property, could not be taken away without due process - basically slaves would remain slaves in non-slave states and slaves could not sue because they were not citizens Plessy v. Ferguson - - a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal United States v. Miller - - 1939; ruled that the National Firearms Act of 1934 was constitutional, allowing federal govt to ban interstate shipping of some unregistered guns (because it was unrelated to state militias) Korematsu v. US - - 1944 Supreme Court case where the Supreme Court upheld the order providing for the relocation of Japanese Americans. It was not until 1988 that Congress formally apologized and agreed to pay $20,000 2 each survivor Brown v Board ofEducation of Topeka (1954) -

Supreme Court ruling that overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court Case of

"Separate but equal" is Unconstitutional in the field of public education Mapp v. Ohio - - Established the exclusionary rule was applicable to the states (evidence seized illegally cannot be used in court) Gideon v. Wainwright - - A person who cannot afford an attorney may have one appointed by the government Sherbert vs. Verner - - Unemployment may not be denied on religious basis Grsiwold v. Connecticut - - Although several state constitutions do list the right to privacy as a protected right, the explicit recognition by the Supreme Court of a right to privacy in the U.S. Constitution emerged only in the middle of the twentieth century. In this 1965 case, the court spelled out the right to privacy for the first time in a case that struck down a state law forbidding even married individuals to use any form of contraception. Miranda v. Arizona - - Supreme Court held that criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with an attorney and of their right against self-incrimination prior to questioning by police. Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections -

Struck down poll taxes at the state level Tinker v. Des Moines - - Students have the right to symbolic speech at school as long as it is not disruptive

Brandenburg v. Ohio - - 1969 --Determined that a law that proscribes advocacy of violence for political reform is constitutional if applied to speech that is not directed toward producing imminent lawlessness and is not likely to produce such action is not constitutional. Miller v. California - - A 1973 Supreme Court decision that avoided defining obscenity by holding that community standards be used to determine whether material is obscene in terms of appealing to a "prurient interest" and being "patently offensive" and lacking in value. Cohen v. California - - This case involved an arrest and conviction for disturbing the peace for wearing a jacket expressing opposition to the draft (and the Vietnam War). The conviction was overturned by the Supreme Court since his actions were silent and he made no attempt to otherwise disturb the peace. Roe v. Wade - - (1973) legalized abortion on the basis of a woman's right to privacy Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission -

A 2010 landmark Supreme Court case that ruled that individuals, corporations, and unions could donate unlimited amounts of money to groups that make independent political expenditures. Burwell v. Hobby Lobby - - (2014) Allowed closely-held, for-profit corporations to be exempt from a law its owners religiously object to if there is a less restrictive means of furthering the law's interest. Furman v. Georgia - - This 1972 Supreme Court case struck down all state laws allowing the death penalty stating that they allowed for too much discretion on the part of the judge and jury resulting in lack of consistent administration of the penalty. Gillette v. United States - - Individual cannot use religion to get out of particular war, must be against all wars Lemon v. Kurtzman - - The 1971 Supreme Court decision that established that aid to church- related schools must (1) have a secular legislative purpose; (2) have a primary effect that neither advances nor inhibits religion; and (3) not foster excessive government entanglement with religion. McDonald v. Chicago - - The right of an individual to "keep and bear arms" protected by the 2nd Amendment is incorporated by the due process clause of the 14th Amendment and applies to the states. Texas v. Johnson - - A 1989 case in which the Supreme Court struck down a law banning the burning of the American flag on the grounds that such action was symbolic speech protected by the First Amendment. Planned Parenthood v. Casey - - A 1992 case in which the Supreme Court loosened its standard for evaluating restrictions on abortion from one of "strict scrutiny" of any restraints on a "fundamental right" to one of "undue burden" that permits considerably more regulation. Miller v. Johnson - - 1995 SuCo: Racial gerrymandering violates the equal protection clause.

Landmark Supreme Court Cases: Summaries and Solutions, Exams of Law

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