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WGU D072 Exam Study Guide
According to Blake & Mouton, what determines which leadership style a manager should use? - ✔✔organizational focus and level of concern for people versus the concern for production According to the book, what is one of the most important causes of attrition? - ✔✔Over time, those who do not fit in well are more likely to leave. Research indicates that person-organization misfit is one of the important reasons for employee turnover. Define corporate social responsibility (CSR). - ✔✔Philosophy in which a company voluntarily engages in actions that benefit society, be it economically, socially, politically, or environmentally Define emotional intelligence (EI). - ✔✔The capacity to be aware of, control, and express one's emotions and handle interpersonal relationships judiciously and empathetically Define employee-member centered behaviors and provide an example. - ✔✔focused on supporting employees; an example of this would be helping an employee who's struggling at work Define ethics. - ✔✔Principles that serve as a compass about how to behave Define expert power. - ✔✔based on knowledge and special skill or experience, such as lawyers or doctors who are formally recognized for their expertise. Define external locus of control. - ✔✔people who attribute their success or failure to outside influences (such as luck, timing, or other people) Define idealized influence. - ✔✔A leader models behaviors and attitudes that subordinates choose to emulate Define individualized consideration. - ✔✔A leader takes the time to learn about the talents of each individual and puts them to good use
Define influence tactics. - ✔✔the way individuals attempt to influence one another in organizations. Define inspirational appeals. - ✔✔result is often commitment from followers. engage values, emotions, and beliefs to gain support for courses of action. Define inspirational motivation. - ✔✔A leader inspires a passionate vision among subordinates or the organization itself Define intellectual stimulation. - ✔✔A leader recognizes the intellect of subordinates and empowers them to contribute toward the success or vision of the organization. Define internal locus of control. - ✔✔People who believe they control their life Define job-centered behaviors and provide an example. - ✔✔behaviors refer to supervisory functions such as planning, scheduling, coordinating work activities, and providing resources. Define leadership. - ✔✔an influence relationship between two or more people who depend on each other to attain certain mutual goals in a group situation. usually involves establishing and sharing a clear vision that others will follow and providing others with tools to realize that vision. Define legal. - ✔✔An act that is allowed or is in conformity with the law of the land Define locus of control. - ✔✔the extent to which individuals believe circumstances and responses are within their control. Define manager. - ✔✔an individual who is in a position of power and oversees a group of people or tasks. Managers are usually appointed to their role and focus on planning, organize, directing. Define morals. - ✔✔Rules people develop as a result of cultural norms and values and are, traditionally passed down through generations and characterize a cultural group
Define the term cultural alignment. - ✔✔determined by the level in which the individual's personal traits align with the organizational culture. Define the term greenwashing. - ✔✔When organizations carry about CSR missions in an inauthentic way, using them to increase publicity rather than to spur real change Define the term internal transparency - ✔✔Degree to which an organization operates with openness, communication, and accountability Define the term leadership style. - ✔✔a manner or approach of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people. Define the term organizational culture. - ✔✔The shared values, beliefs, and norms of an organization that affect the strategies and operating procedures of the business Define the term personality. - ✔✔encompasses the feelings, thoughts, and behavioral patterns of a person. Define the term situational leadership. - ✔✔To be most effective and successful, a leader must be able to adapt their style and approach to diverse circumstances. Define values. - ✔✔Stable life goals that people have that reflect what is most important to them Describe a clan culture. - ✔✔It tends to be more family oriented and flexible and less structured and has a more extensive hierarchy (e.g., small start-up business). Describe a delegating leadership style. - ✔✔The leader assigns decision-making responsibility to team members but oversees their work. Describe a hierarchy culture. - ✔✔It tends to be internally focused on internal processes and procedures and less flexible (e.g., government agencies).
Describe a market culture. - ✔✔It tends to be externally focused on competition and profits and less flexible (e.g., security companies). Describe a mechanistic organizational structure? - ✔✔utilize traditional top-down hierarchy and rigid departmentalization and are best suited to stable environments that contain low uncertainty, such as government agencies. Describe a organic organizational structure? - ✔✔characterized by fluidity and a wider span of control. They work best in unstable, complex, changing environments such as high-tech industries. Describe a participating leadership style. - ✔✔Leaders work with team members to make decisions together. They support and encourage them and are more participatory. Describe a passive communicator from a nonverbal perspective. - ✔✔they tend to be overly soft or shy and often look away. Describe a selling leadership style. - ✔✔Leaders are still the decision-makers, but they communicate and work to persuade employees rather than simply direct them. Describe a telling leadership style. - ✔✔This is a directive and authoritative approach. The leader makes decisions and tells employees what to do. Describe an adhocracy culture. - ✔✔It tends to be more flexible and responsive to external forces and is characterized as a dynamic, entrepreneurial, and creative workplace (e.g., technology businesses). Describe an aggressive communicator from a nonverbal perspective. - ✔✔these individuals have a relaxed posture and smooth and relaxed movements. Describe the difference between person-organization fit and person-job fit? - ✔✔Person-organization fit refers to the degree to which a person's values, personality, goals, and other characteristics match those of the organization. Person-job fit is the degree to which a person's skill, knowledge, abilities, and other characteristics match the job demands.
How do leaders gain power? - ✔✔power is given to them by their followers due to their perceived knowledge, personality, and attractiveness, as well as the working relationship that has developed between the leaders and their followers. How do managers gain power? - ✔✔appointed to their position of power. How does a company's ethical behavior impact organizational outcomes? - ✔✔Trustworthy companies are better at attracting and keeping customers, keeping talented employees, and capitol. How does a company's unethical behavior impact organizational outcomes? - ✔✔They suffer from dwindling customer bases, employee turnover, and investor mistrust. How does high EI help global leaders? - ✔✔demonstrate self-awareness by understanding how their own values and cultural norms compare to those of other countries. How is a company's CSR approach shaped? - ✔✔By seeing that their community is lacking something that they can provide, earning more profit and reputation How is a person's EI measured? - ✔✔by their behavior, how they react to their emotions in stressful situations. testing. How is information power different than expert power? - ✔✔Information power differs from expert power , because information power deals with power gained when a leader possesses a small amount of knowledge that others want; Expert power depends on a person's expertise, experience and great knowledge in a certain field. How is meditation different than mindfulness? - ✔✔Meditation: the skill of focusing 100 percent of your energy and attention on one specific area, helps calm the body and the mind and trains your brain to be aware of the emotional, physical, and mental processes controlling you.. Mindfulness: a state of consciousness in which you are aware of the present moment.
How is reward power different than coercive power? - ✔✔Reward power is gained by positive job performance within the company , while Coercive power is gained by negative actions from leader when employee does something negative, or does not complete an action expected by the leader. (coerce = using force or threats) How is self-awareness different than self-management? - ✔✔Self-awareness is the ability to accurately perceive, assess, and exhibit appropriate emotions. Self-management enables you to channel your emotions in a positive way when needed. How is self-reflection different than mindfulness? - ✔✔Self Reflection: Thinking about how and why you act certain ways. Mindfulness: a state of consciousness in which you are aware of the present moment. Identify two types of leader behaviors. - ✔✔Consideration refers to the relationship behaviors of a leader such as communication and respect. Initiating refers to the task-related behaviors of a leader such as planning, problem-solving, and scheduling. In what situations does autocratic leadership work best? - ✔✔Employees have high role ambiguity. Employees have low abilities. Employees have low intrinsic motivation. There is little time for group decision making. In what situations does laissez-faire leadership work best? - ✔✔Employees have high abilities. This is found In creative fields where the team values its freedom. Employees have high achievement motivation. In what situations does participative leadership work best? - ✔✔Employees have high abilities. Employees have high intrinsic motivation. The decision is relevant to employees. The decisions impact a large number of people. List and define the six-stages of design thinking. - ✔✔Empathize: gather data by asking for input from others Define: state the problem one is trying to solve Ideate: brainstorm, create options, challenge assumptions Prototype: create example of sample
Under situational leadership, what determines which style should be used? - ✔✔Maturity level or level of preparedness What are the 4 concepts that comprise the CVF model? - ✔✔Clan Hierarchy Market Adhocracy What are the 4 concepts that comprise the CVF model? - ✔✔Clan, Hierarchy, Market, Adhocracy What are the 4 tools transformational leadership can use? - ✔✔Idealized influence, Inspirational motivation Intellectual stimulation Individualized consideration What are the 7 core traits of successful leaders according to Edwin Lockert? - ✔✔drive motivation integrity self-confidence cognitive ability business charisma What are the benefits of good communication skills? - ✔✔help you understand others. What are the benefits of leaders having a high EI? - ✔✔likely to be successful in the workplace in the areas of diversity and inclusion, employee engagement, and emerging technology.
What are the big 5 personality traits (OCEAN)? - ✔✔Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism What are the building blocks that make up EI? - ✔✔Self-awareness is the ability to accurately perceive, assess, and exhibit appropriate emotions. Self-management enables you to channel your emotions in a positive way when needed. Social awareness refers to the ability to empathize and understand how others feel. Relationship management is the ability to assist others in managing their own emotions and establish supportive relationships with others. What are the duties of the accounting and finance department? - ✔✔handles accounts payable, accounts receivable, and payroll. handles profit and loss statements, budget reports, and reports to investor and other stakeholders. What are the five leadership styles identified in the Blake Mouton Leadership Grid? - ✔✔Accommodating Status Quo Sound Indifferent Controlling What are the five rules for active listening? - ✔✔1. Listen for message content.
- Listen for feelings.
- Respond to feelings.
- Note all cues.
- Paraphrase and restate.
What are the two parts of oral communication? - ✔✔combination of words and nonverbal communication What are the two parts of written communication? - ✔✔Verbal and non-verbal dimensions. The words are the verbal dimension, how you portray/display them is the non-verbal dimension- email/document/font. What are the two types of organizational structures? - ✔✔Mechanistic and Organic What are three interrelated dynamic processes that cause employees to join and leave organizations? - ✔✔attraction, selection, and attrition What attracts an employee to join an organization? - ✔✔for it to be like themselves in terms of personality and values. What can EI enable people to do? - ✔✔build relationships, relate to others in social situations, lead, negotiate conflict, and work as part of a team. What causes an employer to select a candidate? - ✔✔possess skills and values similar to the ones their existing members possess. What determines the appropriate leadership style a manager should use? - ✔✔you must change your styles based on the situation and the individual involved. What does a controlling management style indicate according to Blake & Mouton's leadership grid? - ✔✔direct and dominate. expects quick results and to sustain high results within their team. (highly concerned with productivity) What does a leader with a people-oriented style focus on? - ✔✔concerned with workplace relationships. The leader emphasizes interpersonal relations and employee cooperation.
What does a leader with a task-oriented style focus on? - ✔✔on the technical or task aspects of the job. What does a participative leader value? - ✔✔individual interests and perspectives while also contributing to team cohesion. What does a sound management style indicate according to Blake & Mouton's leadership grid? - ✔✔Contribute and commit. supports team activity and invites involvement and commitment towards their team. What does a status quo management style indicate according to the Blake & Mouton leadership grid? - ✔✔balance and compromise of concern for production and people. support team action , being involved within the company, and exploring alternative views. What does an accommodating management style indicate according to Blake & Mouton's leadership grid? - ✔✔yield and comply. reinforces and establishes harmony. (highly concerned about people; results may suffer) What does an indifferent management style indicate according to Blake & Mouton's leadership grid? - ✔✔evade and elude. this person avoids active responsibility and avoids getting entangled in others' problems. What does an individual contributor use to contribute to a team? - ✔✔their personal skills What factors should be considered when selecting a communication channel? - ✔✔The degree of formality. What four things does an ethical leader need? - ✔✔have high emotional intelligence, as well as moral strength, grit, and courage to successfully and ethically lead organizations. What functions does the research and development department provide? - ✔✔plays an integral role in the life cycle of a product.
What is the aim of CSR? - ✔✔To increase profits and trust in the long-term while promoting positive community relations What is the difference between aggressive and assertive communication styles? - ✔✔aggressive communicators tend to be dismissive and suggests to others that their feelings do not matter while assertive communicators are direct but not insulting or offensive to others. What is the difference between EI and IQ? - ✔✔IQ is a measure of your ability to learn or your general mental ability. EI is involving how people handle their emotions. What is the difference between passive-aggressive and passive communication styles? - ✔✔passive communicators tend to be hesitant to speak about their thoughts, beliefs, and opinions—even when they feel they are being wronged while passive-aggressive communicators tend to be passive but later aggressive by perhaps making negative or underhanded comments. What is the main difference between personal and professional communication? - ✔✔Professional communication is more clear and concise than personal communication. What is the major assumption under transactional leadership theory? - ✔✔the desires of the leader and the desires of the follower are not the same. Because of this, the leader must provide some form of extrinsic motivation for the follower. Without this, the follower will not want to do what the leader desires. What is the McKinsey 7s Model? - ✔✔organizations are a combination of strategy, structure, systems, skills, staff, and style, which all revolve around—and are interconnected with—the shared values (or culture) in that organization. What is the purpose of supportive communication? - ✔✔seeks to preserve a positive relationship between both communicators while still addressing the problem at hand What is the purpose of the CVF model? - ✔✔measuring an organization's cultural effectiveness.
What is the purpose of the World Trade Organization (WTO)? - ✔✔improve the stability and predictability of global trade. What is the role of nonverbal communication? - ✔✔Convey additional conscious or unconscious messages that help enhance communication. What is the role of the human resources (HR) department? What functions does the HR department provide? - ✔✔handle employee relations and training. is responsible for recruiting, screening, interviewing and placing workers. What is the role of the Information technology (IT) department? What functions does the IT department provide? - ✔✔oversees the installation and maintenance of computer network systems within a company. Its primary function is to ensure that the network runs smoothly What is the role of the marketing department? What functions does the marketing department provide?
- ✔✔promotes your business and drives sales of its products or services. It provides the necessary research to identify your target customers and other audiences. What is transformational leadership committed to changing? - ✔✔the desires of the follower so they match the desires of the leader. If the leader can transform followers' wants so they share the leader's vision and desires, they will have a greater source of motivation to pursue that vision and goal. What job titles are typically held by employees in a middle management role? - ✔✔Plant Manager Division Managers Department Manager What job titles are typically held by employees in a top management role? - ✔✔President CEO Executive Vice President
Which of the 4 CVF aligns with agreeableness? - ✔✔Clan culture Which of the 4 CVF aligns with conscientiousness? - ✔✔Hierarchy Which of the 4 CVF aligns with extraversion? - ✔✔Market Which of the 4 CVF aligns with openness? - ✔✔Adhocracy Which situational leadership style should be used when followers have high competence and high commitment and confidence? - ✔✔Delegation Which situational leadership style should be used when followers have high competence but low commitment and confidence? - ✔✔Participating Which situational leadership style should be used when followers have low competence and high commitment? - ✔✔Selling Which situational leadership style should be used when followers have low competence and low commitment? - ✔✔Telling Who is considered a company stakeholder? - ✔✔Unions employees consumer investors suppliers local and national governments communities. Who is considered a whistleblower? - ✔✔those who tell the public or the authorities about alleged misconduct in a government department, private company, or organization.
Why is integrity an important quality for leaders? - ✔✔provide their organizations with stability, safety, and guidance. Employees with a leader who is honest enjoy a sense of stability in their work environment. Benefits of leadership integrity include a stronger organizational reputation, higher employee satisfaction, higher-quality product or service, and a clearer focus. Other benefits include better long-term outlook, better company culture, and stronger sales Why is understanding the difference between process and relationship management important? - ✔✔Understanding the differences between process and relationship management are key in evaluating operative departmental functions as well as the people involved. Why was Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) passed? - ✔✔in response to several highly publicized corporate fraud cases You can support others in their EI evolution by helping them develop what two competencies? - ✔✔Personal competencies relate to self-awareness, self-regulation, and motivation. Social competencies relate to developing empathy and social skills.
