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WGU D315 NETWORK AND SECURITY FOUNDATIONS STUDY
GUIDE
Uses cables and connectors to establish the network connection - wired network uses radio signals to establish the network connection - wireless network What is the most common home network configuration? - wireless network What are the advantages of a wired network? - "1. faster network data transfer speedds (within the LAN)
- relatively inexpensive to set up
- network is not susceptible to outside interference" What are the disadvantages of a wired network? - "1. Cable connections typically require the use of specialized tools
- the cable installation can be labor intensive
- The cable installation can be expensive" What are the advantages of a wireless network? - "1. mobility 2.simple installation
- no cables" What are the disadvantages of a wireless network? - "1.security issues
2.data speeds within the LAN can be slower" Another name for a wireless network and the abbreviated name for the WI-FI Alliance, or wireless fidelity - Wi-Fi What is the Wi-Fi Alliance? - An organization whose function is to test and certify wireless equipment for compliance with the 802.11x standards A group of wireless standards developed under IEEE 802.11 - 802.11x What is the data transfer rate of 802.11a wireless standard? - 54 mbps What is the operating range for the 802.11a wireless standard? - up to 75 feet 802.11a standard operates at what GHz? - 5 GHz Which 802.11x wireless standards all operate at 2.4 GHz? - 802.11b,g, and n What are the data transfer rates and operating ranges for 802.11b wireless standard? - up to 11 mbps with ranges of 100-150 feet
Can be a NIC inserted into an expansion slot on the computers motherboard - A wired network adapter Where does a PC Card adapter connect to? - Notebook computers What does a PC card adapter do? - provides an RJ-45 jack for connecting to wired networks It is a network of users that share computer resources in a limited area. - LAN How are Local Area Networks defined? - In terms of protocol and the topology used for accessing the network. A set of rules established for users to exchange information - Protocol The network architecture used to interconnect the networking equipment. - Topology What are the most common topologies for LANs? - Ring, Bus, and Star Uses a token that is placed in the data channel and circulates around the ring. - Token Ring topology
A deterministic network - Token Ring Topology Each station connected to the network ensures access for transmission of its messages at regular or fixed time intervals - Deterministic What are the disadvantages of the Token Ring system? - 1. If an error changes the token pattern, it can cause the token to stop circulating. What is a disadvantage of the Token Ring system from the troubleshooting and maintenance? - The token ring path must be temporarily broken or interrupted if a computer or any device on the network is to be removed or added to the network. What is a solution to the troubleshooting and maintenance disadvantages of the Token Ring system? - Connect each computer or device on the network to a central token ring hub. A device that manages the passing of the token instead of relying on individual computers to pass it. - Token ring hub How does the token ring hub improve the network? - It improves the reliability of the network. Topology whereas the computers share the media or coaxial cable for data transmission. - Bus topology
A switch or hub facilitates the transfer of data between networking devices in this topology - star Transmits data to all the devices connected in the star network - hub Also called a multiport repeater - hub Not meant for large networks, but are still used in some smaller, slower speed LANs - hub A transmission from a hub in a star network to all the devices in the network connected to the hub - broadcast Stores the hardware or physical address for each device connected to its ports in a star network - switch Sends data transmissions directly to the port of the destination device on the network - switch The physical input/output interfaces to the networking hardware - port Where the cables physically connect to each other or a central switch or hub - Port
Only the intended destination device on this network will see the data traffic - star What is an advantage of the star topology? - It improves the efficiency of the available bandwidth of the network What is an advantage of the star topology from the troubleshooting and maintenance? - A device can be removed or added without disrupting other devices on the network All devices are connected to each other - mesh topology What is an advantage of the mesh network? - It provides full redundancy in the network data paths What is a disadvantage of the mesh network? - The additional data paths increase the cabling cost and the network hardware cost. It is also very complex. What type of applications is the mesh topology suited for? - high-reliability applications What type of applications is the mesh topology not suited for? - general networking applications
What is layer 2 of the OSI model? - Data link Layer of the OSI model that handles error recovery, flow control (synchronization), and sequencing (which terminals are sending and which are receiving) - data link Also called the media access control layer - data Link The layer of the OSI model where the Media Access Control or MAC, addressing is defined - data lInk Where is the Ethernet 802.3 standard defined? - In the MAC or media access control Also called the Ethernet address - MAC or media access control MAC addresses are an example of which layer of the OSI model? - data linK What is layer 3 of the OSI model? - Network layer of the OSI model that accepts outgoing messages and combines messages or segments into packets, adding a header that includes routing information. - network
Acts as the network controller - network layer of the OSI model Internet Protocol (IP) and internetwork packet exchange (IPX) are examples of which layer of the OSI model? - networK What is layer 4 of the OSI model? - Transport layer of the OSI model that is concerned with message integrity between source and destination - transport layer of the osi model that also segments/reassembles the packes and handles flow control - tRansport Transmission control protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol are examples of which layer of the OSI model? - transporT What is layer 5 of the osi model? - Session layer of the osi model that provides the control functions necessary to establish, manage, and terminate the connections as required to satisfy the user request - session Network File system (NFS) and Structured Query Language (SQL) are examples of which osi model layer? - sessioN
What is step one of the three basic steps in the process of isolating a network problem? - Is the connection to the machine down (layer 1) What is step two of the three basic steps in the process of isolating a network problem? - Is the network down? layer 3 What is step three of the three basic steps in the process of isolating a network problem? - Is a service on a specific machine down? layer 7 A reply from" response from a ping indicates whate?" - A connection to the server is up A request timed out" response from a ping indicates what?" - the network connection is down What is the function of the data link layer of the osi model? - to provide for the flow of data MAC addresses What is the function of the network layer? - to provide routing decisions IP, IPX What is the function of the transport layer of the osi model? - to ensure error free packets
What is the function of the session layer of the osi model? - to establish, manage, and terminate NFS, SQL sessions What is the function of the presentation layer of the osi model? - to ensure protocol conversion, data transactions ASCII, JPEG What is function of the application layer of the osi model? - to support applications HTTP, FTP, and SMTP(email) Which networking protocol is used in most modern computer networks? - Ethernet A carrier sense multiple access with collision detection protocol for local area networks - Ethernet Must have the capability to detect data collisions (collision detection) to avoid two or more computers from attempting to broadcast a message at the same time. - Ethernet systems Provide grouping of information for transmission - packet What does the header of a packet consist of? - The preamble, start frame delimiter, destination and source addresses, and length/type field
What is the minimum length of the Ethernet frame from destination MAC address through the frame check sequence? - 64 bytes a device that relays the wireless signals from an access point or wireless router into areas with a weak signal or no signal at all - range extender Where can range extenders be used to improve connectivity? - Stores, warehouses, and public places using hotspots a limited geopgraphic area that provides wireless access for the public - hot spot What basic steps can help secure a wireless home network? - "1. Change the default factory password
- Change the default SSID
- Turn encryption on
- Turn off the SSID broadcast
- Enable MAC address filtering" How should a default password on a wireless device be reset? - using a combination of alphanumeric characters the name used to identify your network and is used by your access point or wireless router to establish an association - SSID
Service Set Identifier - SSID How many characters can the SSID be? - 32 What does the turning off the SSID broadcast of your access point or wireless router in your wireless home network do? - prevents the wireless system from broadcasting SSID What happens when MAC addressing filtering is turned on? - only wireless devices that have specific MAC addresses will be allowed access to the network What are ways of protecting your home network from outside threats? - "1.Network address translation
- Firewall protection
- establishing a VPN connection when transferring sensitive information" What does a network address translation allow the outsider to see? - Only the router IP address Why does the network address translation allow the outsider to only see the router IP address? - because the ip addresses of the internal networking devices are not provided on the Internet Prevents unauthorized access to your network - a firewall
Also called an uplink port - Straight-through ports allows the connection of a hub or switch to another hub or switch without having to use a crossover cable - an uplink port Which devices require a cross-connect input port? - computers, printers, and routers Which devices require a straight-through connection? - unlink connections to other switches or hubs What does a link light on the switch or hub indcate? - that the transmit and receive pairs are properly aligned and the connected devices are comunicating an Ethernet protocol used to verify that a communication link between two Ethernet devices has been established - link integrity test Why are link pulses sent by each of the connected devices via the twisted pair cables? - to indicate that the link is up when are link pulses sent when data is not being transmitted? - at regular intervals Uses Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request and replies to test that a device on the network is reachable - the ping command
Where is the ping command issued in Windows to verify the networking devices are communicationg? - the command window twisted pair cables capable of carrying up to 1000 mbps (1 gigabit) of data up to a length of 100 meters - CAT What is the maximum length of the Ethernet fram from destination MAC address through the frame check sequence? - 1518 bytes Media Access Control - MAC Each NIC or network interface card has a unique network address called what? - MAC address What is the length of a MAC address? - 6 bytes or 48 bits A MAC address is displayed in which format? - 12 hexadecimal digits The Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI) is which digits of the MAC address? - The first six digits Indicates the vendor of the network interface - organizationally unique identifier OUI)
