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CHEM 120 FINAL EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE (CHAMBERLAIN) NEWEST 2026 TEST BANK | CHEM 120 INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL, ORGANIC & BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY FINAL EXAM REVIEW WITH 650 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A+ (MOST RECENT!) Question 1 What is the correct number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a neutral atom of carbon-14? A. 6 protons, 8 neutrons, 6 electrons B. 6 protons, 8 neutrons, 8 electrons C. 6 protons, 14 neutrons, 6 electrons D. 14 protons, 6 neutrons, 14 electrons Correct Answer: A Rationale: Carbon has atomic number 6 (6 protons). Carbon-14 has mass number 14, so neutrons = 14 - 6 = 8. A neutral atom has equal protons and electrons (6 electrons). Question 2 Which subatomic particle has a negative charge and negligible mass? A. Proton B. Neutron C. Electron D. Positron Correct Answer: C Rationale: Electrons have a -1 charge and mass approximately 1/1836 of a proton. Protons are positive, neutrons are neutral. Question 3 An element has an atomic number of 17. Which group does it belong to on the periodic table? A. Alkali metals B. Alkaline earth metals C. Halogens D. Noble gases Correct Answer: C C.6 D. 8 Correct Answer: C Rationale: Oxygen electron configuration is 1s? 2s? 2p*. The valence shell (n=2) contains 6 electrons (2 in 2s, 4 in 2p). Question 6 Which element is a noble gas? A. Helium B. Chlorine C. Sodium D. Nitrogen Correct Answer: A Rationale: Helium (He) has a full valence shell (2 electrons) and is inert. Noble gases are Group 18: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn. Question 7 What is the mass number of an atom with 20 protons, 20 neutrons, and 20 electrons? A. 20 4 B. 40 Cc. 60 D.O Correct Answer: B Rationale: Mass number = protons + neutrons = 20 + 20 = 40. Electrons do not contribute significantly to mass. Question 8 Which statement about isotopes is true? A. Same number of protons, different number of electrons B. Same number of protons, different number of neutrons C. Same number of neutrons, different number of protons D. Same number of electrons, different number of protons Correct Answer: B Rationale: Isotopes have the same atomic number (protons) but different mass numbers (neutrons). Chlorine-35 and Chlorine-37 are examples. Question 9 An atom has 11 protons and 12 neutrons. What is its atomic 5 Question 11 Which element has the electron configuration 1s? 2s? 2p® 3s? 3p°? A. Sulfur B. Chlorine C. Argon D. Potassium Correct Answer: B Rationale: 1s? 2s? 2p° 3s? 3p° totals 17 electrons = chlorine (atomic number 17). Question 12 What is the maximum number of electrons in the second energy shell (n=2)? A. 2 B. 8 Cc. 18 D. 32 Correct Answer: B Rationale: Maximum electrons per shell = 2n?. For n=2, 2(22) = 8 electrons. Question 13 Which element has the smallest atomic radius in its period? A. Sodium (Group 1) B. Magnesium (Group 2) C. Chlorine (Group 17) D. Argon (Group 18) Correct Answer: D Rationale: Atomic radius decreases left to right across a period. Noble gases (Group 18) have the smallest radius in their period due to increasing nuclear charge. Question 14 What is the charge of a magnesium ion when it achieves a stable octet? A. +1 B. +2 element is it? A. Nitrogen B. Phosphorus C. Arsenic D. Antimony Correct Answer: B Rationale: Period 3, Group 15 (5 valence electrons) = phosphorus (P). Nitrogen is period 2. Question 17 Which isotope is radioactive and used in medical imaging? A. Technetium-99m B. Carbon-12 C. Oxygen-16 D. Sodium-23 Correct Answer: A Rationale: Technetium-99m is a radioactive isotope widely used in medical imaging (nuclear medicine). Carbon-12, oxygen-16, and sodium-23 are stable. 10 Question 18 What is the correct order of increasing electronegativity? A.F
