Download WGU D465 TEST PREP COURSEWORK SCRIPT STUDY SHEET 2026 GRADED A+. and more Exams MS Microsoft Excel skills in PDF only on Docsity!
WGU D465 TEST PREP COURSEWORK
SCRIPT STUDY SHEET 2026 GRADED A+.
⫸ CASE. Answer: A SQL statement that returns records that meet conditions by including an if/then statement in a query ⫸ CAST. Answer: A SQL function that converts data from one datatype to another ⫸ Causation. Answer: When an action directly leads to an outcome, such as a cause-effect relationship ⫸ Cell reference. Answer: A cell or a range of cells in a worksheet typically used in formulas and functions ⫸ Ruby. Answer: An object-oriented programming language for web application development ⫸ Sample. Answer: In data analytics, a segment of a population that is representative of the entire population ⫸ Sampling bias. Answer: Overrepresenting or underrepresenting certain members of a population as a result of working with a sample that is not representative of the population as a whole
⫸ Scatterplot. Answer: A data visualization that represents relationships between different variables with individual data points without a connecting line ⫸ Schema. Answer: A way of describing how something, such as data, is organized ⫸ Scope of work (SOW). Answer: An agreed-upon outline of the tasks to be performed during a project ⫸ Second-party data. Answer: Data collected by a group directly from its audience and then sold ⫸ SELECT. Answer: The section of a query that indicates from which column(s) to extract the data ⫸ SELECT INTO. Answer: A SQL clause that copies data from one table into a temporary table without adding the new table to the database ⫸ Small data. Answer: Small, specific data points typically involving a short period of time, which are useful for making day-to-day decisions ⫸ SMART methodology. Answer: A tool for determining a question's effectiveness based on whether it is specific, measurable, action- oriented, relevant, and time-bound
⫸ Spotlightling. Answer: Scanning through data to quickly identify the most important insights ⫸ Spreadsheet. Answer: A digital worksheet ⫸ SQL. Answer: (Refer to Structured Query Language) ⫸ Stakeholders. Answer: People who invest time and resources into a project and are interested in its outcome ⫸ Static data. Answer: Data that doesn't change once it has been recorded ⫸ Static visualization. Answer: A data visualization that does not change over time unless it is edited ⫸ Statistical power. Answer: The probability that a test of significance will recognize an effect that is present ⫸ Statistical significance. Answer: The probability that sample results are not due to random chance ⫸ Statistics. Answer: The study of how to collect, analyze, summarize, and present data
⫸ Story. Answer: The narrative of a data presentation that makes it meaningful and interesting ⫸ String data type. Answer: A sequence of characters and punctuation that contains textual information (also called text data type) ⫸ Structural metadata. Answer: Metadata that indicates how a piece of data is organized and whether it is part of one or more than one data collection ⫸ Structured data. Answer: Data organized in a certain format such as rows and columns ⫸ Structured Query Language. Answer: A computer programming language used to communicate with a database ⫸ Structured thinking. Answer: The process of recognizing the current problem or situation, organizing available information, revealing gaps and opportunities, and identifying options ⫸ Subquery. Answer: A SQL query that is nested inside a larger query ⫸ SUBSTR. Answer: A SQL function that extracts a substring from a string variable
⫸ Tableau. Answer: A business intelligence and analytics platform that helps people visualize, understand, and make decisions with data ⫸ Technical mindset. Answer: The ability to break things down into smaller steps or pieces and work with them in an orderly and logical way ⫸ Temporary table. Answer: A database table that is created and exists temporarily on a database server ⫸ Text data type. Answer: A sequence of characters and punctuation that contains textual information (also called string data type) ⫸ Text string. Answer: A group of characters within a cell, most often composed of letters ⫸ Third-party data. Answer: Data provided from outside sources who didn't collect it directly ⫸ Time-bound question. Answer: A question that specifies a timeframe to be studied ⫸ Transaction transparency. Answer: The aspect of data ethics that presumes all data-processing activities and algorithms should be explainable and understood by the individual who provides the data
⫸ Transferable skills. Answer: Skills and qualities that can transfer from one job or industry to another ⫸ TRIM. Answer: A function that removes leading, trailing, and repeated spaces in data ⫸ Turnover rate. Answer: The rate at which employees voluntarily leave a company ⫸ Typecasting. Answer: Converting data from one type to another ⫸ Unbiased sampling. Answer: When the sample of the population being measured is representative of the population as a whole ⫸ Underscores. Answer: Lines used to underline words and connect text characters ⫸ Unfair question. Answer: A question that makes assumptions or is difficult to answer honestly ⫸ Unique. Answer: A value that can't have a duplicate ⫸ United States Census Bureau. Answer: An agency in the U.S. Department of Commerce that serves as the nation's leading provider of quality data about its people and economy
⫸ Visualization. Answer: (Refer to Data visualization) ⫸ VLOOKUP. Answer: A spreadsheet function that vertically searches for a certain value in a column to return a corresponding piece of information ⫸ WHERE. Answer: The section of a query that specifies criteria that the requested data must meet ⫸ Wide data. Answer: A dataset in which every data subject has a single row with multiple columns to hold the values of various attributes of the subject ⫸ WITH. Answer: A SQL clause that creates a temporary table that can be queried multiple times ⫸ World Health Organization. Answer: An organization whose primary role is to direct and coordinate international health within the United Nations system ⫸ X-axis. Answer: The horizontal line of a graph usually placed at the bottom, which is often used to represent time scales and discrete categories
⫸ Y-axis. Answer: The vertical line of a graph usually placed to the left, which is often used to represent frequencies and other numerical variables ⫸ ORDER BY. Answer: A SQL clause that sorts results returned in a query. ⫸ TRUE STATEMENT. Answer: ASCENDING ORDER. ⫸ FALSE STATEMENT. Answer: DESCENDING ORDER. ⫸ =CONVERT(-37, "C", "F"). Answer: Proper formatting for conversion. ⫸ Data Validation. Answer: Adds dropdown lists with predetermined options (lists of items). ⫸ SAFE_CAST. Answer: Returns a value of Null instead of an error when a query fails. ⫸ AS. Answer: Comes before and identifies the data type which you are casting to. ⫸ STRING. Answer: Indicates that you are converting the data to a string.
⫸ WS. Answer: WITH SEPARATOR. ⫸ TEXT STRINGS. Answer: A group of characters within a cell, most often composed of letters. ⫸ CONCAT function. Answer: To combine fields. ⫸ RIGHT. Answer: Selects a specific number of characters on the right side of a cell. ⫸ LEFT. Answer: Selects a specific number of characters on the left side of a cell. ⫸ ROUND. Answer: Limits records to a certain number of decimal places. ⫸ CONVERT. Answer: Changes the unit of measurement of a value in data. ⫸ JOIN. Answer: Combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column. ⫸ MOD. Answer: Changes numbers from positive to negative for data analysis.
⫸ =VALUE (A2:A4). Answer: Example of using the VALUE function. ⫸ =TRIM. Answer: Gets rid of extra spaces in a cell. ⫸ MATCH. Answer: Used to locate the position of a specific value. ⫸ HAVING. Answer: Allows you to add a filter to your query instead of the underlying table that can only be used with aggregate functions. ⫸ IF. Answer: Performs a simple conditional test and returns a value depending on the outcome. ⫸ LIMIT. Answer: Specifies the maximum number of records returned in a query. ⫸ COUNT DISTINCT. Answer: Only returns the distinct values in a specified range. ⫸ COUNTIF. Answer: Returns the number of cells within a range that match a specified value. ⫸ =SUMPRODUCT(array1, [array2]...). Answer: Example format for the SUMPRODUCT function.
⫸ RIGHT JOIN. Answer: Returns all records from the right table and only matching records from the left table ⫸ OUTER JOIN. Answer: Combines RIGHT and LEFT join to return all matching records from both tables ⫸ Pivot Tables. Answer: Let you view tables in multiple ways to find insights and trends ⫸ Values. Answer: Used to calculate and count data. ⫸ Modulo. Answer: An operator (%) that returns the remainder when one number is divided by the other ⫸ Data Validation Process. Answer: Checking and rechecking the quality of your data so that it is complete, accurate, secure, and consistent. ⫸ Data security. Answer: Protecting data from unauthorized access or corruption by adopting safety measures ⫸ Profit margin. Answer: A percentage that indicates how many cents of profit has been generated for each dollar of sale
⫸ Conditional Formatting. Answer: A spreadsheet tool that changes how cells appear when values meet specific conditions ⫸ Mental Model. Answer: Your thought Process and the way you approach a problem ⫸ Data Aggregation. Answer: The process of gathering data from multiple sources to combine it into a single summarized collection ⫸ Subquery (Inner Query, Nested Query). Answer: A query within another query ⫸ VLOOKUP (Vertical Lookup). Answer: A function that searches for a certain value in a column to return a corresponding piece of information. ⫸ R. Answer: A programming language frequently used for statistical analysis, visualization, and other data analysis ⫸ Computer Programming. Answer: Giving instructions to a computer to perform an action or set of actions. ⫸ Coding. Answer: Writing instructions to the computer in the syntax of a specific programming language
⫸ Vector (R). Answer: A group of data elements of the same type stored in a sequence in R; use the letter c("") and add the numbers within the quotes Two types of vectors: atomic and lists ⫸ Data Structure. Answer: A format for organizing and storing data ⫸ Data Frame. Answer: A collection of columns containing data, like a spreadsheet or SQL table' summarizes data and organizes it into a format that is easy to read and use. ⫸ Assignment Operators. Answer: Used to assign values to variables and vectors Example: sales_1 <- c(67.00, 75.50, 90.00, 54.75) ⫸ Arithmetic Operators. Answer: Used to complete math calculations. ⫸ Operator (R). Answer: A symbol that identifies the type of operation or calculation to be performed in a formula. ⫸ Logical Operator. Answer: Return a logical data type such as TRUE or FALSE. Three primary types: AND, OR, NOT ⫸ AND Operator "&". Answer: The AND operator takes two logical values. It returns TRUE only if both individual values are TRUE. This means that TRUE & TRUE evaluates to TRUE.
⫸ AND Operator. Answer: TRUE & TRUE evaluates to TRUE. However, FALSE & TRUE, TRUE & FALSE, and FALSE & FALSE all evaluate to FALSE. ⫸ OR Operator. Answer: At least one of the values of the OR operation must be TRUE for the entire OR operation to evaluate to TRUE. ⫸ NOT Operator. Answer: Negates the logical value it applies to. !TRUE evaluates to FALSE, and !FALSE evaluates to TRUE. ⫸ Tidyverse. Answer: A collection of individual packages that can help you perform a wide variety of analysis tasks. ⫸ Variable. Answer: A representation of a value in R that can be stored for later use. ⫸ Data types. Answer: An attribute that describes a piece of data based on its values, its programming language, or the operations it can perform. ⫸ Comment. Answer: Helpful text that describes or explains R code, preceded by #. ⫸ Conditional Statement. Answer: A declaration that if a certain condition holds, then a certain event must take place.
