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Implicit conversion Correct Answer When a program automatically performs several common conversions between integer and float types (as well as others). Question 2 Behavioral diagram Correct Answer Visualizes dynamic behavior of software, such as the flow of an algorithm. Question 3 Cursor Correct Answer Indicates where the next output item will be placed in the output. Question 4 Nested loop Correct Answer A loop that appears in the body of another loop. The nested loops are commonly referred to as the inner loop and outer loop.
Output Correct Answer A programs puts that data somewhere, such as to a file, screen, network, etc. Question 11 String literal Correct Answer Consists of text (characters) within double quotes, as in "Go #57!". Question 12 Expression Correct Answer A combination of items, like variables, literals, operators, and parentheses, that evaluates to a value. Example: 2 * (x+1) Question 13 Constant Correct Answer A named value item that holds a value that cannot change.
Statically typed Correct Answer Each variable's type must be declared and cannot change while the program runs. (Static means unchanging). C, C++, and Java are popular examples. Question 15 Universal Modeling Language (UML) Correct Answer A modeling language for software design that uses different types of diagrams to visualize the structure and behavior of programs. UML consists of several structural and behavioral diagrams. Question 16 Scalar variable Correct Answer A single-item (non-array) variable. Question 17 Sequence diagram Correct Answer A behavioral diagram that shows interaction between software components and indicates the order of events. These diagrams are commonly used to illustrate the sequence of events needed to handle a particular scenario in software.
if-elseif statement Correct Answer Starts with an if expression, followed by elseif expressions, and ending with else; when a program reaches the statement, exactly one of those branches will execute. When the else branch has no statements, the else part is omitted. Question 23 Array Correct Answer An ordered list of items of a given data type, like an array of integers or an array of floats. Array indices start from 0, not 1. Question 24 Agile approach (spiral approach) Correct Answer In contrast, a program can be built by doing small amounts of each SDLC phases in sequence, and then repeating. Question 25 Algorithm time efficiency Correct Answer The number of calculations required to solve a problem. For the same problem, some algorithms may be much more time efficient than others.
Equality operator Correct Answer Checks whether two operand's values are the same (==) or different (=!). Note that equality is ==, not just =. Question 27 Algorithm Correct Answer A sequence of instructions that solves a problem. Question 28 Comment Correct Answer Text added to a program, read by humans to understand the code, but ignored by the program when executed. Question 29 Input Correct Answer A program gets data, perhaps from a file, keyboard, touchscreen, network, etc.
Object Correct Answer In a program, an object consists of some internal data items plus operations that can be performed on that data. Question 35 Relational operator Correct Answer Checks how one operand's value relates to another, like being greater than. Question 36 Assignment statement Correct Answer Assigns a variable with a value, such as x = 5. An assignment statement's left side must be a variable. The right side is an expression.Examples: x = 5, y = a, or z = w + 2. Question 37 Operator Correct Answer A symbol that performs a built-in calculation, like the operator + which performs addition.
Infinite loop Correct Answer A loop that never stops iterating. A common error is to accidentally create an infinite loop, often by forgetting to update a variable in the body, or by creating a loop expression whose evaluation to false isn't always reachable. Question 39 Process Correct Answer A programs performs computations on that data, such as adding two values like x + y. Question 40 Structural diagram Correct Answer Visualizes static elements of software, such as the types of variables and functions used in the program. Question 41 Statement Correct Answer Carries out some action and executing one at a time.
Correct Answer In programming, = is an assignment of a left-side variable with a right-side value. It does not represent equality like in mathematics. Question 47 For loop Correct Answer A loop consisting of a loop variable initialization, a loop expression, and a loop variable update that typically describes iterating for a specific number of times. Question 48 Function stub Correct Answer A function definition whose statements have not yet been written. Question 49 Epsilon Correct Answer The difference threshold indicating that floating-point numbers are equal.
Do-while loop Correct Answer A loop that first executes the loop body's statements, then checks the loop condition. Compared to a while loop, a do-while loop is useful when the loop should iterate at least once. Question 51 Pseudocode Correct Answer Text that resembles a program in a real programming language but is simplified to aid human understanding. Question 52 Design phase Correct Answer Defines specifics of how to build a program. Question 53 Whitespace Correct Answer Refers to blank spaces (space and tab characters) between items within a statement, and to newlines. Whitespace helps improve readability for humans, but for execution purposes is mostly ignored.
Modular development Correct Answer The process of dividing a program into separate modules that can be developed and tested separately and then integrated into a single program. Question 59 Element Correct Answer Each item in an array. Question 60 Dynamically typed Correct Answer A variable's type may change while a program executes, usually based on what is assigned to the variable. (Dynamic means changing). Python is a popular example. Question 61 Parameter Correct Answer A function input specified in a function definition. Example: A pizza area function might have diameter as an input.
Note about integer literal Correct Answer Commas are not allowed, so 1,333,555 must be written as 1333555. Question 63 Sentinel value Correct Answer A special value indicating the end of a list, such as a list of positive integers ending with 0, as in 1 0 1 6 3 0. Question 64 Floating-point number Correct Answer A real number, like 98.6, 0.0001, or -666.667. Question 65 Variable declaration Correct Answer Declares a new variable, specifying the variable's name and type. Question 66 Computational thinking Correct Answer Creating a sequence of instructions to solve a problem.
Library Correct Answer A set of pre-written functions (and other terms) that carry out common tasks that a programmer can use to improve productivity. After including a library with a program, a programmer can make use of the library's functions. A library's functions typically all relate to the same purpose, like computing statistics, or like displaying graphics. A programmer may include several libraries in a single program. Question 72 Nested branches Correct Answer A branch's statements can include any valid statements, including another if-else branch. Question 73 Literal Correct Answer A specific value in code, like 2. Question 74 Systems development life cycle (SDLC) Correct Answer Analysis phase, design phase, implementation phase, and testing phase.
Unary minus Correct Answer The subtraction sign (-) used as a negative. Question 76 Compiled language Correct Answer First converted by a tool ( compiler ) into machine code, which can run on a particular machine. Examples include C, C++, and Java. Question 77 Argument Correct Answer A value provided to a function's parameter during a function call. Example: A pizza area function might be called as PrintPizzaArea(12.0). Question 78 Floating-point literal Correct Answer A number with a fractional part, even if that fraction is 0, such as 1.0, 0.0, or 99.573.
