Download WGU – Scripting and Programming Foundations (D615 / Scripting & Programming) 2023–2025 UPD and more Exams Software Development in PDF only on Docsity!
WGU – Scripting and Programming Foundations
(D615 / Scripting & Programming) 2023 – 2025
UPDATED | OA Study Guide | Most Tested
Concepts + Actual Questions | PASS FIRST
ATTEMPT | LATEST | FULL TEST BANK
Question: Program Answer: Consists of instructions executing one at a time. Question: Input Answer: A program gets data, perhaps from a file, keyboard, touchscreen, network, etc. Question: Process Answer: A programs performs computations on that data, such as adding two values like x + y.
Question: Output Answer: A programs puts that data somewhere, such as to a file, screen, network, etc. Question: Computational thinking Answer: Creating a sequence of instructions to solve a problem. Question: Algorithm Answer: A sequence of instructions that solves a problem. Question: Statement Answer: Carries out some action and executing one at a time. Question: String literal
a statement, and to newlines. Whitespace helps improve readability for humans, but for execution purposes is mostly ignored. Question: Pseudocode Answer: Text that resembles a program in a real programming language but is simplified to aid human understanding. Question: Assignment statement Answer: Assigns a variable with a value, such as x = 5. An assignment statement's left side must be a variable. The right side is an expression.Examples: x = 5, y = a, or z = w + 2. Question: Answer: In programming, = is an assignment of a left-side variable with a right- side value. It does not represent equality like in mathematics. Question: Variable declaration Answer: Declares a new variable, specifying the variable's name and type.
Question: Identifier Answer: A name created by a programmer for an item like a variable or function. An identifier must: be a sequence of letters (a-z, A-Z), underscores (_), and digits (0-9), AND start with a letter or underscore. Question: Reserved word or keyword Answer: A word that is part of the language, like integer, Get, or Put. A programmer cannot use a reserved word as an identifier. Question: Lower camel case Answer: Abuts multiple words, capitalizing each word except the first, such as numApples. Question: Underscore separated Answer: Words are lowercase and separated by an underscore, such as num_apples.
Answer: Commas are not allowed, so 1,333,555 must be written as 1333555. Question: Incremental development Answer: The process of writing, compiling, and testing a small amount of code, then writing, compiling, and testing a small amount more (an incremental amount), and so on. Question: Floating-point number Answer: A real number, like 98.6, 0.0001, or - 666.667. Question: Floating-point literal Answer: A number with a fractional part, even if that fraction is 0, such as 1.0, 0.0, or 99.573. Question: Function Answer: A list of statements executed by invoking the function's name, with such invoking known as a function call.
Question: Type conversion Answer: A conversion of one data type to another, such as an integer to a float. Question: Implicit conversion Answer: When a program automatically performs several common conversions between integer and float types (as well as others). Question: Type cast Answer: Converts a value of one type to another type. Question: String Answer: A sequence of characters, like "Hello". Question: Boolean Answer: Refers to a quantity that has only two possible values, true or false.
Question: Branch Answer: A sequence of statements only executed under a certain condition. Question: Nested branches Answer: A branch's statements can include any valid statements, including another if-else branch. Question: Equality operator Answer: Checks whether two operand's values are the same (==) or different (!=). Note that equality is ==, not just =. Question: Relational operator Answer: Checks how one operand's value relates to another, like being greater than.
Question: Logical operator Answer: Treats operands as being true or false, and evaluates to true or false. Logical operators include and, or, not. Question: Epsilon Answer: The difference threshold indicating that floating-point numbers are equal. Question: if-else statement Answer: An if expression with the true branch's sub-statements, followed by an else part with any false branch sub-statements. Question: if statement Answer: An if expression followed by sub-statements, with no else part. Question: if-elseif statement
A special value indicating the end of a list, such as a list of positive integers ending with 0, as in 1 0 1 6 3 0. Question: While loop Answer: A loop that repeatedly executes the loop body while the loop's expression evaluates to true. Question: For loop Answer: A loop consisting of a loop variable initialization, a loop expression, and a loop variable update that typically describes iterating for a specific number of times. Question: Nested loop Answer: A loop that appears in the body of another loop. The nested loops are commonly referred to as the inner loop and outer loop. Question: Do-while loop Answer: A loop that first executes the loop body's statements, then checks the
loop condition. Compared to a while loop, a do-while loop is useful when the loop should iterate at least once. Question: Function definition Answer: Consists of the new function's name and a block of statements. The function's name can be any valid identifier. Question: Function call Answer: An invocation of a function's name, causing the function's statements to execute. Question: Parameter Answer: A function input specified in a function definition. Example: A pizza area function might have diameter as an input. Question: Argument Answer: A value provided to a function's parameter during a function call. Example: A pizza area function might be called as PrintPizzaArea(12.0).
Question: Systems development life cycle (SDLC) Answer: Analysis phase, design phase, implementation phase, and testing phase. Question: Analysis phase Answer: Defines a program's goals. Question: Design phase Answer: Defines specifics of how to build a program. Question: Implementation phase Answer: Involves writing the program. Question: Testing phase Answer: Checks that the program correctly meets the goal.
Question: Waterfall approach Answer: A program can be built by carrying out the SDLC phases in sequence. The term waterfall is used because, just like a boat going down river doesn't come back, no earlier phase is come back to. Question: Agile approach (spiral approach) Answer: In contrast, a program can be built by doing small amounts of each SDLC phases in sequence, and then repeating. Question: Universal Modeling Language (UML) Answer: A modeling language for software design that uses different types of diagrams to visualize the structure and behavior of programs. UML consists of several structural and behavioral diagrams. Question: Structural diagram Answer: Visualizes static elements of software, such as the types of variables and functions used in the program.
Answer: A behavioral diagram that shows interaction between software components and indicates the order of events. These diagrams are commonly used to illustrate the sequence of events needed to handle a particular scenario in software. Question: Compiled language Answer: First converted by a tool (compiler) into machine code, which can run on a particular machine. Examples include C, C++, and Java. Question: Interpreted language (scripting language) Answer: A language that is run one statement at a time by another program called an interpreter. Examples include Python, Javascript, C#, and MATLAB. Question: Statically typed Answer: Each variable's type must be declared and cannot change while the program runs. (Static means unchanging). C, C++, and Java are popular examples. Question: Dynamically typed Answer: A variable's type may change while a program executes, usually based
on what is assigned to the variable. (Dynamic means changing). Python is a popular example. Question: Object Answer: In a program, an object consists of some internal data items plus operations that can be performed on that data. Question: Object-oriented language Answer: Supports decomposing a program into objects. C++, Java, Python, and C# provide extensive object-oriented support. In fact, the ++ in C++ suggests C++ is better than C, due in large part to supporting objects. C does not. MATLAB and Javascript provide some support. Question: Markup language Answer: Allows a developer to describe a document's content, desired formatting, or other features. A popular markup language is HTML. HTML allows a developer to describe the text, links, images, and other features of a web page. While some people refer to "HTML programming", a markup language is not executed statement-by- statement like a programming language, and an HTML file is not a program. Rather, a web browser reads an HTML file and renders the corresponding web page. An HTML file surrounds text by different tags to yield different formatting.
