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ABSTRACT
Homework composing machine is programmed composing machine used for the composing any kind of content and drawing any outlet on paper. Homework composing machine is working like a CNC machine. This machine is chipping away at 3pivot (X, Y, Z). This 3pivot movement is given by stepper engine and servo engine. It is an extremely valuable item and can be utilized in everyday of life to endeavor more less demanding and is exceptionally useful for school and school going understudies and extremely helpful for the corporate world moreover.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
- INTRODUCTION NO NO
- 1.1 Overview
- 1.2 Proposed system
- PROJECT DISCRIPTION
- 2.1 Overview
- 2.2 Software
- 2.3 Hardware
- SOFTWARE - 3.1 Overview - 3.2 Benbox
- HARDWARE - 4.1 Overview - 4.2 Stepper Motor - 4.3 Servo Motor - 4.4 Motor Driver - 4.5 Expansion Board - 4.6 Arduino - 4.7 Wooden Frame
- METHODOLOGY OF - 5.1 Overview IMPLEMENTATION - 5.2 Flowchart - 5.3 Implementation
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure no
3.1 Benbox Software 4.1 Overview of hardware components 4.2 Schematic vie of general stepper motor 4.3 Nema 17 stepper motor 4.5 Controlling of servo motor using PWM 4.6 MG90S Servo motor 4.7 A4988 motor driver with heat sink 4.8 A4988 motor driver pinout 4.9 A4988 driver expansion board for Arduino 4.10 Expansion board connected to A4988 motor driver and Arduino 4.11 Arduino UNO R3 pinout 4.12 Frame of the project 5.1 Flowchart of the overall process 5.2 Sample input image in predefined font 5.3 Extracted text shown on the terminal 5.4 Extracted text written into a text file 5.5 Document image in user’s font 5.6 Image uploading in Benbox software 5.7 Parameter configuration for Benbox 6.1 Input in predefined font 6.2 Font converted text 6.3 Final setup and output on paper
regulate the motion and also the operation of device tools. By using concepts like CNC machine can be implemented for writing purposes also.
1.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM
The proposed system is an auto composing machine through which one can make their work simple by programming the venture. According to the title this is a straight forward task utilizing Arduino to make a writing machine at the place of work, which can draw any outline and compose various kinds of fonts. This system is an embedded system whose working principle is based on the Computer Numerical Control machine. It uses an Arduino development board which is connected with other peripherals like motors to provide the necessary pen movement on the paper. The Arduino board is interfaced with one servo motor and two stepper motors to achieve the pen movement and x-y axis gantry movement respectively based on the input image that is fed into the system. The pen which is fitted in the system is part of the z axis movement. The servo motor helps in the vertical movement of the nib of the pen so that the pen nib will touch the paper only when something needs to be written and is raised above when not needed. This motion of the pen in the z axis coupled with the x and y axis movement achieved through
the stepper motors results in a two dimensional sketching on the paper.
2.3 HARDWARE
Electronic hardware consists of interconnected electronic components which perform analog or logic operations in received and locally stored information to produce as output, resulting in new information or to provide control for output actuator mechanisms. Electronic hardware can range from individual chips/circuits to distributed information processing systems. Well designed electronic hardware is composed of hierarchies of functional which inter-communicate via precisely defined interfaces. The proposed systems of hardware mainly consists of two axes operating orthogonally to each other and a third axis, with limited motion capability, which is used to actuate the write head. Additionally, the hardware is controlled by the software through a development board.
Chapter 3
SOFTWARE
3.1 OVERVIEW
All the software and libraries used to implement this project is exhaustively discussed in this chapter. The software used is Benbox.
3.2 BENBOX
The Benbox Laser Engraver as a CNC-platform for laser engraving. In this project, benbox is used to achieve precise control. When a firmware code is uploaded into the software, after pressing run in benbox, the hardware moves according to the firmware. Benbox has a number of various parameters that can be manipulated and changed to get required precise control. Fig 3.1 shows the view of benbox software with changeable parameters on the right hand side.
Chapter 4
HARDWARE
4.1 Overview
The hardware components and the rationale behind the selection of different components is discussed in detail in this chapter. The overview of the components used is shown in fig 4.1 and these components are discussed in detail in this chapter. Additionally, the
Fig 4.1 Overview of hardware components
4.2 Stepper Motor
Stepper motors are DC motors that moves in discrete steps. They have multiple coils that are organized in groups called “phases”. By energizing each phase in sequence, the motor will rotate, one step at a time. With a computer controlled, very precise positioning and/or speed control can be achieved. For this reason, stepper motors are the motor of choice for many precision motion control application.
Fig 4.2 Schematic view of general stepper motor
Stepper motors have a permanent magnetic rotating shaft called a rotor and stationary electromagnets surrounding the rotor called the stator. If you look at the coils on the stator in Fig 4.2, they are arranged in terms of coil pairs like A and A’ forms a pair, B and B’ forms a pair and so on. So each of these coil pairs form an electromagnet and they can be energised individually using a driver circuitry. When a coil gets energised it acts as a magnet and the rotor pole gets aligned to it, when
4.3 Servo Motor
A servo motor is an electrical device which can push or rotate an object with great precision. If you want to rotate the object at some specific angles or distance, then you use a servo motor. It is just made up of simple motor which runs through a servo mechanism. If a motor is DC powered then it is called DC servo motor and if it is of AC powered motor then it is called AC servo motor. We can get a very high torque servo motor is small and lightweight packages. Due to these features they are being used in many applications like toy cars, robotics, machine etc. It consists of three parts: Controlled device, Output sensor, Feedback system. It is a closed loop system where it uses a positive feedback system to control motion and final position of the shaft. Here the device is controlled by a feedback signal generated or there is a difference between reference input signal and reference output signal. So the main task of servo mechanism is to maintain output of a system at desired value at presence of noises. Servo motors works on PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) principle, meaning its angle of rotation is controlled by the duration of applied pulse to its control pin. Basically a servo motor is made up of a DC motor which is controlled by a variable resistor and some gears. The servo motor expects to
see a pulse every 20 milliseconds and the length of the pulse will determine how far the motor turns.
Fig 4.5 controlling of servo motor using PWM
In this project, a servo motor is used for the movement of the pen in the z-axis. More specially MG90S-Metal Gear Servo Motor is used. This small and lightweight servo comes with output power, thus ideal for Robotic Arms Fig 4.6 MG90S servo motor
regulation of the device’s temperature at optimal levels. Motor drivers can control both speed and spinning direction of a
bipolar steppermotor.
Fig 4.7 A988 motor driver with heat sink
Fig 4.8 A4988 Motor Driver Pinout
4.5 Expansion Board
A microcontroller has a limited number of pins and hence a limited number of interfaces with the outside world. An expansion board takes a few of those pins and fans them out to even more pins. Expansion boards are also called shield. A shield is basically a board that can be plugged on top of the Arduino PCB extending its capabilities. Shields are pieces of
hardware that sit on top of your Arduino often to give it a specific purpose. In this project, A4988 driver CNC shield expansion board for Arduino is used. It is an Arduino shield which has the capability to control four stepper motors by using four A stepper motor driver boards. Another good feature of this is that one of the motors can clone the movement of another motor on the same board. In our case, the expansion board is used so that two stepper motors and a servo motor can be controlled easily.
Fig 4.9 A988 driver expansion board for Arduino
Fig 4.10 Expansion board connected to
A4988 motor driver and Arduino
