Connector
Translation
Example
ADDITION
(to add
information,
enhance ideas
and link
sentences)
o AND
o ALSO
o TOO *
o AS WELL (AS)
o BESIDES
o IN ADDITION / ADDITIONALLY
o MOREOVER / FURTHERMORE
o e
o anche/pure
o anche
o anche/oltre a ciò/in aggiunta
o inoltre/oltretutto/nonché
o inoltre/oltre a ciò/per di più
o inoltre/oltretutto/tra l’altro
o She’s smart and hardworking.
o She’s also very creative.
o He’s clever, and tall too!
o She speaks French as well.
o Besides, it’s too expensive!
o In addition/additionally, we should…
o Moreover, the results were impressive.
📌 Formal writing: moreover, furthermore, in addition, additionally (more academic).
📌 Informal writing: and, also, besides, as well
* Keep in mind that “too” means “troppo” if put BEFORE the adjective
→
e.g. she’s too talkative.
CONTRAST
(to connect
opposing ideas
or unexpected
results)
o BUT
o HOWEVER
o ALTHOUGH / (EVEN) THOUGH
o WHEREAS
o DESPITE
o WHILE
o ON THE OTHER HAND *
o ma/però
o comunque/tuttavia/peraltro
o anche se/sebbene/nonostante
o mentre/invece
o nonostante/malgrado/a dispetto di
o mentre/tuttavia
o d’altra parte/d’altronde/peraltro
o I like it, but it’s expensive.
o It is expensive. However, it is worth it.
o Although/though it was raining, we went out.
o She likes maths, whereas I prefer PE.
o Despite all my works, I still failed the exam.
o While I prefer tea, she drinks coffee.
o It’s cheap. On the other hand, it’s low quality
📌 Grammar tip:
•
Although/even though → followed by subject + verb
•
However/on the other hand → usually start a new sentence
*It’s often used in pair with “on the one hand” (= da una parte), at the beginning of a sentence → e.g. On the one hand, it would be quicker to
fly to Manchester; on the other hand, it would be more expensive than the train.
ILLUSTRATE
(to make a list
or examples of
something)
o FOR EXAMPLE / FOR INSTANCE
o IN PARTICULAR / INCLUDING
o SUCH AS / LIKE
o NAMELY / SPECIFICALLY
o TO ILLUSTRATE
o per esempio
o in particolare
o per esempio/come/quale
o cioè/ossia/vale a dire
o per meglio specificare/cioè/ossia/
vale a dire
o Many countries, for example Italy, face this issue.
o The package contains items, including a map.
o I love fruits, such as apples and bananas.
o Three countries were involved, namely
Spain, Italy
and Germany.
o
This is dangerous.
To illustrate
, consider the
recent accidents.
📌 Important difference on namely:
•
It is used to clarify something → She has one dream, namely to become a doctor.
•
It is used to specify something → Two students failed the exam, namely John and Mark.
