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Domande Inglese APERTE
05. Name at least 3 grammatical features of headlines.
Grammatical features of headlines Omission of articles (a/the), possessives and auxiliary verbs, for example his and be :
Fans are angry after a 5–0 defeat
Use of past participle, instead of passives:
Priceless vase has been stolen
Use of present simple for past events:
Man attacks neighbour after noisy party = a man attacked / has attacked his neighbour
Use of infinitive for future plans/predictions:
TV’s Dave to star in Hollywood blockbuster
Strings of nouns instead of relative clauses
Jail break father held again after kid visit = a father who broke out of jail in order to visit his child is being held by police
Limited use of punctuation – dashes and colons may be used to introduce a topic
06. Why do you think talent shows are so popular among viewers and contestants? Write 100 words.
Talent shows are so popular among viewers and contestants because shows like Ciao Darwin are so much fun. The best talent shows are those where you show off your skills.
Lezione 003
01. Why do you think radio is still so popular? Express your opinion in 100 words. Radio is still popular because especially for the past generations it was the only mean of information. For the new generations instead there are new types of programs such as podcasts. one of the best things about the radio is listening to football matches.
02. How has the Internet affected journalism? Is it more an advantage or a disadvantage to be able to read the latest news anytime and anywhere? Write 100
words.
I think that, The Internet has affected journalism and newspaper reading because now news is communicated more quickly without having to wait for the next edition but almost instantly. Few people dedicate themselves to reading newspapers nowadays, I think I'm among the few because everyone else prefers to read them on their phone.
Write 3 phrases that can be used when introducing your opinion in an article (e.g.: I think … ). I think it is always useful to try to avoid a war. I suppose that all possible solutions should be considered. I think this article is very interesting. 01.
02. How can people become influencers? What do they need to do? Give some tips in 100 words. In my opinion, to become an influencer you have to know people's tastes. You have to opt for short videos and use clear words that everyone can understand. Finally, you need to have good tools such as computers and tablets 01. Are social media platforms popular among all generations? What are these platforms used for? Write 100 words.
Platforms like social media are useful for having fun and expanding your knowledge, if used properly.
The most popular platforms I believe are Instagram and WhatsApp and they are used to upload content and talk to distant people for free.
02. How could we communicate more effectively? Write a few tips in 100 words.
I prefer the theater to the cinema, first of all because theaters are historical buildings and then because I like going to the theater to see shows or musicals of any kind even in languages other than Italian.
01. Write 3 phrases that can be used as transition words in an essay (e.g.: In conclusion … ).
In conclusion of the article you could have inserted more images of the destroyed buildings.
In conclusion you can say that no war should ever be justified. in conclusion of his speech the president was emotional in remembering the victims.
05. What kind of places do you like visiting (historical buildings, natural attractions, fun fairs, etc.)? Write 100 words about a memorable trip.
Among the types of places I like visiting museums, such as the Egyptian Museum in Turin. I also like visiting natural attractions such as oases in my region, Campania. I also like visiting amusement parks such as Mirabilandia and Gardaland.
01. Describe a European city and name its typical features. Write 100 words.
A European city that has unique characteristics is the city of Vienna.
Vienna is famous for its historic buildings such as the Capuchin Church where the remains of the emperors of the royal house of Habsburg are buried. Another fundamental monument is the Schonbrunn Palace and was the seat of the Austrian royal house.
01. Which are the symptoms of the flu and how can it be treated? Write 100 words.
The most classic symptoms of the flu are a sore throat, fairly high fever, headache and cold. Sometimes diarrhea also appears among the symptoms. The most effective treatments against the flu are rest, drinking
plenty of fluids including water and hot herbal teas, as for medicines the most recommended is Tachipirina.
02. What can we do to stay healthy? Give some advise and explain your choices in 100 words.
In my opinionTo be healthy you need to follow several rules, have a healthy lifestyle without overdoing it with food or drinks. Try to do sports at least four times a week. Drink little coffee and use few condiments such as olive oil, butter and sugar. Eat lots of vegetables and drink at least two liters of water.
01. What does SQ3R stand for? Name the steps and describe them briefly.
SQ3R is a study and reading method developed by Francis Robinson in 1946, which is based on five phases to improve the understanding and memory of the information read. The five phases of the SQ3R method are:
- Survey:
This is a brief preview of the text, in which you browse the material to familiarize yourself with the structure and content.
- Question:
In this phase, you formulate questions about the topic you intend to address, to have a guide while reading.
- Read:
You proceed to read the text, trying to answer the questions formulated in the previous phase.
- Recite:
SCANNING and SEARCHING are often used interchangeably; however, they are not exactly the same. Scanning a text means looking for a specific word, phrase or type of information. On the other hand, one searches a text for an idea, in order to check whether it is included in the text. Both scanning and searching are the opposite of skimming. While skimming is about getting the gist of a publication, scanning and searching are aimed at finding a particular piece of information, a particular word or an idea.
07. What does skimming mean?
SKIMMING means reading a text for its gist focusing on the parts that contain the main idea. They are the following: title, subtitle, section headings, abstract, first and last paragraph, repeated words, first and last sentence of each paragraph. Skimming helps you gain a sense of the text’s structure and content.
08. What does surveying mean?
SURVEYING is the first step to be taken before reading a text. When you survey a text, you consider the text as a whole, and take a look at the big picture to get a general idea of its contents. To survey a text means to check the title, author, date and place of publication, section headings, images and graphs and other figures (in the book or article). It helps you decide whether the publication is worth reading (purpose).
02. What are the differences between extended essays and theses?
Students are often asked to write extended essays. They are 3-4,000-word structured essays on a specific topic. At the end of their period of study, students are expected to write a thesis. This is a long piece of writing based on the student’s ideas and research, submitted by students graduating from a Master’s program. A thesis demonstrates the student’s knowledge and expertise within the subject. Sometimes it is called a dissertation.
04. Which are the main characteristics of formal language? Name and explain at least three of them.
In academic writing you are expected to use formal language, which is characterized by: the use of standard English
specific language, formal vocabulary,infrequent use of personal pronouns
05. How can we avoid using personal pronouns ( I or we ) in academic writing?
In order to avoid using I or WE, you can use: a) passives b) abstract terms, like this essay, the author, the researcher, the data c) impersonal expressions, like there is, it is, one.
01. What are phrasal verbs? How are they formed? Is it recommended to use them in academic writing?
Phrasal verbs are usually used in an informal context. Therefore, in academic writing we should try to use their more formal counterpart, their one-word equivalent. Phrasal verbs are made up of a verb and a particle, or, sometimes, two particles.
02. What is a collocation? Explain it and give four examples.
A collocation is a series of words that will often appear together. However, in many cases there is no apparent logical reason why one particular word goes with another. An academic text which contains collocations sounds more professional and richer. It is also more precise because collocations enable writers to express their meaning clearly.
EXAMPLES
VERB + NOUN develop an understanding/a framework/a plan
VERB + ADVERB reading critically/carefully/with interest
NOUN + VERB the research indicates/shows/demonstrates
NOUN + NOUN sample size
QUOTING Incorporating direct quotations in your text means writing the exact words of the writer, and using quotation marks, which are also known as inverted commas.
You must always acknowledge the writer. You should use a direct quotation if it seems to encapsulate the point you wish to make.
02. What do we mean by paraphrasing and summarising? What is the difference between them?
It is also possible to paraphrase or summarise the writer’s ideas, which means expressing the writer’s ideas using your own words. You cannot add your ideas in this passage of your writing, only the ones that are included in the original. The main difference between paraphrasing and summarising is that while paraphrasing is a technique of restating someone else’s ideas at the same level of detail, summarising means reducing the most essential ideas into a shorter form.
06. Which are the three main periods of the history of the English language? Name them and add the approximate dates, too.
The evolution of the English language started more than 1,500 years ago. This process can be divided into three main periods which have their own characteristics. During these periods special developments took place in the English language. The three periods are the following: Old English (450–1150): the period of full inflections; during most of this period the endings of the noun, the adjective, and the verb are preserved more or less unimpaired.
Middle English (1150–1500): the inflections, which had begun to break down toward the end of the Old English period, become greatly reduced, and it is consequently known as the period of levelled inflections.
Modern English (1500 to the present): by this stage in the development a large part of the original inflectional system has disappeared entirely, and we therefore speak of it as the period of lost inflections.
05. After the loss of Normandy in 1204 English started to become used generally. In which institutions did it gain ground in the following centuries? Mention at least three, and give approximate dates.
By the close of the century some children of the nobility spoke English as their mother tongue and had to be taught French through the medium of manuals.
At the close of the thirteenth century the tendency to speak English was becoming constantly stronger even in the most conservative institutions: the church and the universities. At the beginning of the fourteenth century English was again known by everyone. It was used in Parliament, in the law courts, in public negotiations.
06. What languages were spoken after the Norman Conquest by the upper class, the middle class and the mass of people?
For 200 years after the Norman Conquest, French remained the language of ordinary intercourse among the upper classes in England. At first those who spoke French were those of Norman origin, but soon through association with the ruling class numerous people must have found it an advantage to learn the new language. Soon the distinction between those who spoke French and those who spoke English was not ethnic but largely social. All in all, French was the language of the court and the upper classes, English the speech of the mass of the people.
05. Which were the fields that the most French words came from in the Middle English period? Name at least three categories and give 2- examples for each.
The Middle English period (1150–1500) was marked by fundamental changes in the grammar and vocabulary of the English language. Those in the grammar reduced English from a highly inflected language to an extremely analytic one. Those in the vocabulary involved the loss of a large part of the Old English word-stock and the addition of thousands of words from French and Latin.
