STATEMENTS FOR BASIC LEVEL
(True of False and comment)
1. Sarcomas are benign tumors arising in epithelial glandular tissues or their derivatives.
2. Leiomyosarcoma is a benign tumor derived from striated muscle cells.
3. Retinoblastoma is a proto-oncogene that positively controls the cell cycle.
4. P53 is a proto-oncogene that negatively controls cell death.
5. Promotion is the step of carcinogenesis characterized by tumor growth.
6. BCL-2 is a tumor suppressor gene that negatively regulates cell death.
7. Beclin1 is a tumor suppressor gene that induces apoptosis and inhibits autophagy.
8. Cancer cells utilize large amount of glucose through glycolysis.
9. Epigenetic mutations play an important role in cancer development.
10. All cells within the primary cancer can give rise to metastasis in any distant organ.
11. Some chemotherapeutic agents can specifically target cancer stem cells.
12. Cancer associated fibroblasts support EMT through secretion of cytokines.
13. Cachexia is a progressive weight loss caused by chemo or radiotherapy.
14. Asbestos is a genotoxic carcinogen responsible for brain tumors.
15. An indirect-acting chemical carcinogen needs to be metabolized into an electrophilic molecule.
16. Benzo(a)pyrene is a direct carcinogen forming adducts with oncoproteins.
17. Staging allows to classify tumors according to the histologic level of differentiation.
18. X-rays cause DNA mutations via lysis of water molecules.
19. UV radiation are particulate radiation mainly responsible for lung cancers.
20. Radon is a radioactive gas that causes primarily lung cancer.
21. P53 is an oncosuppressor gene that positively controls cell death.
22. Cancer differs from benign tumor because it is invasive and metastatic.
23. Benign tumors can invade to local lymph node but not to distal organs.
