Lingua Inglese
books: views in the news- Clark, Caroline; analysing political speeches rhetoric, discourse and metaphor-
Charteris, Black (chapters 3, 7, 8)
Exam: written, 1h, no dictionary, matching exercises, true/false, multiple choice, fill the gaps, 1 open
question
07/02/2022
Text Linguistics
The terms text and discourse are used in a variety of ways by different linguists and researchers.
Text- from latin textus which means texture and text
Cohesion: different parts of a text can be related to each other by various lexical and grammatical
relationships, which contribute to the impression of wholeness
Grammatical and lexical cohesion:
Grammatical cohesion- reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction
Reference: how words are connected and related with other words that also occur in the text and entities
external to the text; it indicates the presence of elements that, instead of being semantically interpretable in
an autonomous way, refer to something else for their..
Deixis: is a term used for words whose meaning arises by referring to some aspect of the context in which
they are spoken; we use space and time to identify them. Speaker- deictic centre; unmarked situation: me,
now, where
Person deixis- i, we, you (ambiguity); time deixis (distal vs proximal)- now, then; place deixis (distal vs
proximal)- here, there
Endophoric: words that refer to other words which occur within the text establish endophoric references,
those who refer that are external to the text establish exophoric references
Anaphoric reference arises when a hearer understands a words by referring back to something previously
said; the majority of endophoric references are also anaphoric
Cataphoric reference arises when a word refers forward to something that will follow in the text; much less
common than anaphoric reference
Ex. it is everyone’s favourite subject. English literature is in high demand these days
