Classes, Istances, methods
A Class is like an object constructor, or a "blueprint" for creating objects.
Different classes have different methods, therefore according to which class an object belongs to
we can use different methods.
While the class is the blueprint, an instance is a copy of the class
with actual values, literally an object belonging to a specific class.
To create a class, use the keyword ‘class’. Then in the body you define the attributes of the
objects belonging to the class and the different methods that can be applied to the class.
Then you can use the class to create a new object.
All classes create objects, and all objects contain characteristics called
attributes.
Use the __init__() method to initialize (e.g., specify) an object’s
initial attributes by giving them their default value (or state). This
method must have at least one argument as well as
the self variable, which refers to the object itself.
Remember: the class is just for defining the Dog, not actually
creating instances of individual dogs with specific names and
ages; we’ll get to that shortly.
While instance attributes are specific to each object, class attributes are the same for all
instances—which in this case is all dogs.
Instantiating is a fancy term for creating a new, unique instance
of a class.
