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Security and Cryptography: A Basic Overview, Appunti di Fondamenti di informatica

Appunti di informatica in inglese, relativi alla sicurezza e alla crittografia

Tipologia: Appunti

2019/2020

Caricato il 09/12/2021

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SECURITY AND CRYPTOGRAPHY
1. PRIVACY VS. SECURITY
Security is often mistaken as privacy. It is true that, generally speaking, a secure
network connection contributes to the privacy of users who share some content.
The two issues, however, are different. Privacy is a legal issue. Security is a technical
issue. The technical condition is encryption
The concept behind encryption is quite simple – make the data illegible for everyone
else except those specified. This is done using cryptography – the study of sending
messages in a secret form so that only those authorized to receive the message are
able to read it. The easy part of encryption is applying a mathematical function to
something and making it encrypted. The harder part is to ensure that the people
who are supposed to decipher the message can do so with ease, yet only those
authorised are able to decipher it. Internet security deals with encrypted
connections, not encrypted messages.
2. DANGEROUS WEBSITES
It may seem that, as for other functions, the Google system provides a solution
thanks of one of their online tools: a free network tool. The online tool that may
seem able to verify security is the Google Safe Browsing site status. It is not so. The
Google Safe Browsing site status analyses the security of the content of a website.
Content security is different from security.
3. MALWARE AND HACKING
Malware
The attack implemented by Mafiaboy – a story we mentioned when reading Linked –
was based on an infection that Mafiaboy spread in tons of computers. That malware
was designed to start a request for denial of service from tons of computer in a
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SECURITY AND CRYPTOGRAPHY

1. PRIVACY VS. SECURITY

Security is often mistaken as privacy. It is true that, generally speaking, a secure network connection contributes to the privacy of users who share some content. The two issues, however, are different. Privacy is a legal issue. Security is a technical issue. The technical condition is encryption The concept behind encryption is quite simple – make the data illegible for everyone else except those specified. This is done using cryptography – the study of sending messages in a secret form so that only those authorized to receive the message are able to read it. The easy part of encryption is applying a mathematical function to something and making it encrypted. The harder part is to ensure that the people who are supposed to decipher the message can do so with ease, yet only those authorised are able to decipher it. Internet security deals with encrypted connections, not encrypted messages.

2. DANGEROUS WEBSITES It may seem that, as for other functions, the Google system provides a solution thanks of one of their online tools: a free network tool. The online tool that may seem able to verify security is the Google Safe Browsing site status. It is not so. The Google Safe Browsing site status analyses the security of the content of a website. Content security is different from security. 3. MALWARE AND HACKING Malware The attack implemented by Mafiaboy – a story we mentioned when reading Linked – was based on an infection that Mafiaboy spread in tons of computers. That malware was designed to start a request for denial of service from tons of computer in a

single moment. This resulted in a instant overload and a consequent crash (a collapse) of the Yahoo! server – and several other servers a bit later. Those servers hadn’t been “infected” by their managers! It was Mafiaboy who did so. Computers may become “infected” when their browsers visit websites containing files with unsought, concealed, and malicious instructions. Hacking Mafiaboy was in fact a hacker, who later would find a job as a specialist in computer security. Today, most hackers act by making sure that users’ computers, visiting an “infected” site, are surreptitiously put in contact with another “infective” server. In such cases, the user remains completely unaware of what happens. What the Google Safe Browsing site status does is verifying that on the server of a website – the one which the Google Safe Browsing site status is asked to verify – there are no files with unsought, concealed, and malicious instructions. In short, that there is no malware. It is essentially a verification similar to those that antivirus software make at every request.

4. CRYPTOGRAPHY Encrypted connection Returning to security, here’s the crucial point to consider. Security encrypts the connection between one computer and another. The message cannot be deciphered because it is sent through a “waterproof” connection. Padlocks e https Encrypted connections use a different transmission protocol. Webpages – or e-mail messages – are connected through https instead of http. An encrypted layer is placed between the server and the client browser.