Lingua Inglese

(Risposte Aperte)

1) A, AN, THE or NO ARTICLE: use, definitions and examples. Explain in no less than 100 words:

 THE is used to talk about particular things or things in general, when we expect the listener/reader knows

what we are talking about.

Exemples: the teacher today isn’t at school (you know which one); A teacher should love all his students (all

teachers).

The is used before names of: states whose name contains a common noun like Republic, State, Union… (The

United Kingdom, The United States of America);

- Seas (the Mediterranean);

- Mountain groups (the Alps);

- Island Groups (the Falklands);

- Rivers (the Thames);

- Desert (the Sahara).

The isn’t used before names of:

- Proper Names (John lives in London);

- Continents, countires, states, counties, towns (America, Italy, Rome);

- Lakes (Lake of Garda);

- Titles of the principal public buildings (Oxford University) and organization of a town (Rome airport).

 The use of A/AN depens on pronunciation, not spelling. AN is used before a vowel sound (an orange, an

apple), even if it is written as a consonant (an hour, an heir).

 NO ARTICLE is used before plural and uncountable nouns.

2) Use of the third conditional: the third conditional is used to refer to an unreal past condition and its probable

past result. It is formed by PAST PERFECT + WOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE of the main verb.

3) Both, either and neither: use, definitions and examples: BOTH-HEITHER-NEITHER are used to talk about two

people or things. BOTH is used with plural nouns (i like both films), EITHER/NEITHER with singular nouns (Neither

parent came to meet the teacher).

4) How to use adjectives in English: Adjective in English can go in two places in a sentence: before a noun and after

the verbs BE-SEEM-LOOK-BECAME and other copular verbs.

5) What is a “wh-word”: A ‘’WH- word introduce questions to show what kind of information is wanted. It usually

comes at the beginning of the clause.

6) Use of comparatives and superlatives in English: Comparatives are used to compare two things or tow people.

Superlatives are used to show the difference between more than two things or more two people. It usually adds-

ER and EST to one-syllable words to make comparatives and superlatives. It usually uses MORE to most two-

syllable and three or morewords to make comparatives and superlatives.

7) Relative pronouns in English: Relative pronouns introduce relative clauses. WHO refers to people, WHICH refers

to things, THAT to both people and things, WHEN refers to place, WHOSE is a possessive relative word.

8) Use of the second conditional: definitions and examples: The second conditional refers to a condition in the

future but there is not a real possibility thet it happens. It is formed by PAST SIMPLE + WOULD + INFINITIVE of

the main Verb.

Example: If I had money i would buy a Ferrari.

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Lingua Inglese

(Risposte Aperte)

1) A, AN, THE or NO ARTICLE: use, definitions and examples. Explain in no less than 100 words:  THE is used to talk about particular things or things in general, when we expect the listener/reader knows what we are talking about. Exemples: the teacher today isn’t at school (you know which one); A teacher should love all his students (all teachers). The is used before names of: states whose name contains a common noun like Republic, State, Union… (The United Kingdom, The United States of America);

Seas ( the Mediterranean );
Mountain groups ( the Alps );
Island Groups ( the Falklands );
Rivers ( the Thames );
Desert ( the Sahara ). The isn’t used before names of:
Proper Names ( John lives in London );
Continents, countires, states, counties, towns ( America, Italy, Rome );
Lakes ( Lake of Garda );
Titles of the principal public buildings ( Oxford University ) and organization of a town ( Rome airport).  The use of A/AN depens on pronunciation, not spelling. AN is used before a vowel sound ( an orange, an apple), even if it is written as a consonant ( an hour, an heir ).  NO ARTICLE is used before plural and uncountable nouns. 2) Use of the third conditional: the third conditional is used to refer to an unreal past condition and its probable past result. It is formed by PAST PERFECT + WOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE of the main verb. 3) Both, either and neither: use, definitions and examples: BOTH-HEITHER-NEITHER are used to talk about two people or things. BOTH is used with plural nouns (i like both films), EITHER/NEITHER with singular nouns (Neither parent came to meet the teacher). 4) How to use adjectives in English: Adjective in English can go in two places in a sentence: before a noun and after the verbs BE-SEEM-LOOK-BECAME and other copular verbs. 5) What is a “wh-word”: A ‘’WH- word introduce questions to show what kind of information is wanted. It usually comes at the beginning of the clause. 6) Use of comparatives and superlatives in English: Comparatives are used to compare two things or tow people. Superlatives are used to show the difference between more than two things or more two people. It usually adds- ER and EST to one-syllable words to make comparatives and superlatives. It usually uses MORE to most two- syllable and three or morewords to make comparatives and superlatives. 7) Relative pronouns in English: Relative pronouns introduce relative clauses. WHO refers to people, WHICH refers to things, THAT to both people and things, WHEN refers to place, WHOSE is a possessive relative word. 8) Use of the second conditional: definitions and examples: The second conditional refers to a condition in the future but there is not a real possibility thet it happens. It is formed by PAST SIMPLE + WOULD + INFINITIVE of the main Verb. Example: If I had money i would buy a Ferrari.

9) Use of adverbs: Adverbs are used to give us more information and to modify verbs and clauses. They can appear in a different places in a sentence. Most adverbs are made by adding – LY to the adjectives. Examples: Loud- loudly, slow-slowly. 10) Simple past vs. Past continuous: simple pasti s used to describe events in the past. Past continous is used to talck about something that was happening around a particular time in the past. The regular past simple is formed using ‘ed’ (irregular verbs have a different endings) and the past continous is formed using was/were + past participle. 11) Use of the first conditional: The first conditional refers to a real possibility that the condition will happen. It is formed by PRESENT SIMPLE + WILL + INFINITIVE of the main verb. 12) What are countable and uncountable nouns? Countable nouns have a singular and a plural form. Uncountable nouns have no plural and the verb formi s singular.

Use to vs to be used to: use, definitions and examples: USED TO is only used in the past, it hasn’t a present form. It expresses conditions and habits in the past that are now finisched. Example: I used to smoke but I’ve stopped. We use TO BE USED TO when someone is used to doing something is not strange for him/her. Example: I’m used to driving to work. 14) Use of the Present Progressive : definitions and examples: Present progressive is used to talk about something that is happening now, in this moment, it’s fomed by the present tense of the verb to be + the present participle of the main verb. Example: I’m going to school. 15) Much and many: use, definitions and examples: MUCH and MANY are quantifiers. They are used mostly in question and negative clauses: MUCH with singular nouns, MANY with a plurals. Example: I haven’t got much time. Bill doesn’t know many people in Rome. 16) Some and any: use, definitions and examples: SOME and ANY refr to an indefinite quantity or number. They are used with plural countable nouns and with countable nouns. SOME is used in affermative clauses, ANY is used in questions and negatives. Examples: There is some milk in the fridge. There isn’t any milk in the fridge. We use SOME in questions if we expect people to answer ‘Yes’, or want to encourage them to say ‘Yes’- for example in offers and requests. Example: Whould you like some more meat? We use ANY in affermative clauses to emphasise the idea of free choice, with the meaning of ‘itdoesn’t matter who/which/what’. Example: You can ask me any question(s) you like. 17) Present Simple: use, definitions and examples: PRESENT SIMPLE is used to express habits, general truth, repeated actions or unchanging situations, emotions and wishes; to give instructions or directions; to express fixed arrangements, present or future: Example: I smoke; I work in London; London is a large city. The present tense is the base of the verb, but with the third person singular (she/he/it). We add an – s. Example: Mark works in London. 18) Defining relative clauses : use, definitions and examples: Relative clauses identify or classify noun: they tell us which person or thing, or which kind of person or thing, is meat. Thes clauses are called defining relative clauses. Example: He’s the man who saw an alien.

25) Which are the structures to talk about the future in English? The structures to talk about the future in English are:

SHALL/WILL + INFINITIVE (it’s used to give or ask for information about the future; to make predictions of future events; to say what we think, guess or calculate will happen; to express conditional ideas, when we say what will happen if something else happens; to make a kind of prediction about the present or past – to say that we think is probably the case, or has probably happened);
STRUCTURE BE GOING + INFINITIVE (it’s used to talk about plans, expecially in an informal style. Going to often emphasises the ides of intention, of decision that ha already been made; to predict the future on the basisi of present evidence – to say that a future action or event is on the way, or starting to happen);
PRESENT CONTINOUS (it can be used mostly to talk about personal arrangements and fixed plans, especially when the time and place have been decided. We often use the present continous with verbs of movement, to talk about actions that are just strating);
SIMPLE PRESENT can sometimes be used to talk about the future. This is common when we are talking about events which are part of a time table or something similar. 26) Write about the benefits of playing a team sport in 200-250 words: Team sports offer more than just physical benefits for kids who participate. It also helps them emotionally and mentally. And there are also social aspects of team sports that children will enjoy. A few of the many benefits that your child can enjoy when they participate in a team sport are:
Develops Self-Esteem A high-five, pat on the back, thumbs up, or even a nod of approval – these are simple gestures that can help build confidence in kids.
Teaches Leadership Skills: While team sports require team effort, kids still learn about leadership.
Teamwork: The ability to work well with others is a skill that youth athletes will learn playing sports and they will bring it with them throughout their entire lives.
Stronger Relationships: Because of the social aspect of team sports, kids learn how to handle themselves better in social situations.
Better Communicators: Team sports put them in many social situations where they need to express themselves.
Teaches Respect: Sports don’t just teach kids the fundamentals of playing, but it also instills respect for authority and rules.
Time Management: Youth athletes have been observed to be better students. Through sports, kids learn about time management and discipline. 27) The plural of nouns in English. Definitions and examples: The plural of most nouns is made by just adding - s to the singular. Example: dog-dogs, book-books, etc.. 28) The plural of nouns in English: special cases: there are some special cases to form the plural in English:
Plural of nouns ending in consonant + y if the singular ends in consonant + y becomes – IES ( lady-ladies ); if the singular ends in vowel + y the plural is made by adding - s ( day-days. Boy-boys );
Plural of nouns ending in - s, - sh, - ch, - x, - z, - o the plurali is made by adding-es ( box-boxes, church-churches );
Nouns ending in - f (e) have a plural in - ves ( knife-knives, wife-wifes );
There are several nouns that have irregular plural form: child-children, woman-women, man-men, person- people, goose-geese, mouse-mice, tooth-teeth, foot-feet.

29) The Saxon Genitive: use, definitions, special cases and examples: The Saxon Genitive is used to express possession in English. The Saxon Genitive substitutes the word ‘’of’’ to show possession. It’s used mainly to refer to things owned by people, buti t can also be used with animals, organizations and even some time expressions. To create the saxon genitive we add ‘s to a name. Example: This is John’s car. When it is clear what object you are referring to, it i salso possible to simply use the name + ‘s. Example: Is that Maria’s bag? – No, it’s Chiarsa’s. When we use the saxon genitive with a plural noun, we just add an apostrophe ‘. Example: My parents’house. When a name ends in - s, like James, we can either use the normal ‘s structure (which is more common in modern English) or only add an apostrophe. Example: That’s James drawing. OR That’s James’ drawing. When we refer to a particular time (in the present, past or future). It’s possible to use the saxon genitive. Example: Today’s news – Last week’s meeting. We dont’normally use the saxon genitive with objects. In this case we prefer ‘’of’’. Example: The door of the house. (NOT ‘’the house’s door).

Paniere Lingua Inglese RISPOSTE APERTE Prof. Dindelli Barbara Scienze Motorie E-Campus, Panieri di Scienze Motorie

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Lingua Inglese

(Risposte Aperte)