Shakespeare e Romeo e Giulietta, Schemi e mappe concettuali di Inglese

Scarica Shakespeare e Romeo e Giulietta e più Schemi e mappe concettuali in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! Shakespeare Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon on April 23th and,thanks to his father who was a merchant,he could attend the local grammar school and learn to read Latin (but not Greek). In 1582 Shakespeare married a woman called Anne Hathaway who was 8 years older than him and they had 3 children (one was probably called Hamlet). From 1584 until 1592 we only know that Shakespeare moved to London;in fact ,in 1592,Shakespeare was active in London as an actor but,when theaters were closed because of the plague,he started to write a lot. In 1594 Shakespeare started to work as the main playwright in the company of Lord Chamberlain. In 1599 the company found the money to build their own playhouse called the Globe theater. In 1603 James I succeeded Elizabeth and the company went under the protection of the king and Shakespeare worked for him until 1611,when he retired from the stage. He died in Stanford in 1616,maybe on April 23th too. The First Folio of 1623 During Shakespeare time plays were not supposed to be printed because copyright didn't exist and plays could be stolen by rival companies. But Shakespeare’s plays were an exception because they were collected and printed in a single volume in 1623. Shakespeare wrote 37 plays and 36 are contained in the First Folio (18 of them were printed for the first time) and they are divided into 3 main categories:Comedie,Histories and Tragedies. But today scholars subdivide Shakespeare’s plays into other sub-groups: ➢ English History Plays:he wrote many plays about English history from the 12th to the 16th centuries (from the Hundred Years’ War to the War of the Roses) which are a portrait of Medieval and Early Modern England. One of these plays is Henry V. ➢ Roman Plays:he wrote 3 plays about Roman history,so they are set in ancient Rome and the main theme is power. These plays are Julius Cesar,Antony and Cleopatra and Coriolanus. ➢ Comedies:many of them draw inspiration from Italian short stories,they are about marriages and mistaken identities and they usually have a happy ending. Two of them are A Midsummer night’s dream and The Merchant of Venice. ➢ Problem plays/dark comedies:these plays aren’t tragedies,but comedies with a dark and pessimistic side and they revolve around the workings of the minds of characters with doubts. The most famous of them is Hamlet. ➢ Tragedies:Shakespeare wrote his tragedies between 1604 and 1606 and they are the apex of English early modern literature and the main themes are the tragic destiny of mankind,human foolishness and man’s loneliness in the universe. Two famous tragedies are Othello and King Lear. ➢ Romances:they are Shakespeare’s last plays and they include plays with elements of tragedy and of comedy,they have almost improbable plots,there’s contrast between virtue and vices,magic and supernatural. One romance is The tempest. ➢ There are two plays which can’t be included in these sub-genres:the first is Titus Andronicus which is a revenge tragedy and one of Shakespeare’s early plays;the second is Romeo and Juliet which is a tragedy based on the theme of love. Shakespeare introduced many phrases like all’s well that ends well (an event that ends happily is good even if something went wrong before),faint hearted (coward), love is blind (love has no logic and it’s irrational) and What’s past is prologue (past events are the beginning of future events). Shakespeare’s plays have influenced many films like Julius Cesar (1953), West side Story (1961), Hamlet (1996), Romeo + Juliet (1996) and Shakespeare in love (1999). Romeo and Juliet Sources The main source is a poem called The tragicall historye of Romeus and Juliet written by Arthur Brooke in 1562,based on the italian version of Matteo Bandello. Plot In Verona there’s a fight between Montagues and Capulets,so Prince Escals warns both because they must respect the peace of the city. A Montague called Romeo (he is in love with Rosalinde) decided to go to a Capulets’ party with his friends and all of them will wear masks. Romeo and Juliet instantly fall in love when they met,but they didn’t know each other. After the party Romeo wanted to meet Juliet again,so he went under her balcony and there they understood their real identities and,of course,their families won’t agree to their marriage;in fact Juliet’s father promised her to Count Paris. They decided to marry in secret and Friar Lawrence married them hoping that this union will bring peace. Soon after Romeo was involved in a street fight: Romeo refused to fight,but Romeo’s best friend Mercutio was killed by Juliet’s cousin Tybalt,Romeo killed Tybalt and he was banished from Verona,so he spent the night with Juliet before leaving for Mantua. Meanwhile Juliet’s father told her that she will marry Count Paris the next day and she,who is desperate, went to Friar Lawrence and he gave her a sleeping potion that will make her appear to be dead,then he sent a letter to Romeo to explain the plan bu,by a terrible twist of fate,Romeo didn’t reach the message;he bought some poison and went to Juliet’s tomb. Romeo killed Count Paris because he didn’t let Romeo to see Juliet,then Romeo drank the poison and died by Juliet’s side;soon after that Juliet realised that Romeo was dead and she stabbed herself with his dagger.In the end Montagues and Capulets are reconciled. Main themes ➔ Love:Romeo and Juliet is the most famous love story of English literature and love is a romantic and passionate force that overwhelms all other values. The two emotions of love and hate push the characters to the death,but also to the peace between the families. ➔ The story also shows the battle between the private desires and the responsibilities imposed by social institutions. Juliet is in a very vulnerable position because she lives in a patriarchal world and she has to do what her father says;there’s no communication between parents and children. Masculine honour obliges Romeo to commit actions he doesn’t want to do. ➔ The fate controls the events of this story and tragedy is inevitable because Romeo and Juliet are two star-crossed lovers and the enmity between the two families is an obstacle since the beginning;the wrong timing is the most tragic detail of the story because the death of the main characters is caused by it.