Prof. Roxanne B. Doerr
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International Contracts: A Comparative Analysis of Common Law and Civilian Law Models - Pr, Slide di Inglese Giuridico
Slide inglese sui contratti internazionali
Tipologia: Slide
2018/2019
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Prof. Roxanne B. Doerr
International contracts (Chapter 15)
Structure of international contracts
Distinctive linguistic structures and forms
Differences with Italian Law
Lesson Overview
International contracts feature a highly conventional structure
Commencement : paragraph stating details of all involved parties (examples on p. 231)
Preamble : recital (=declamazione) introduced by “whereas” (= dato che, in considerazione del fatto che) which specify:
1. Circumstances giving rise to the contract 2. Previous steps taken with a view to the agreement 3. Purpose of the agreement and the parties’ intentions and desires
Structure of international contracts
Paragraph on validity of contract introduced with
the performative formula “Now, therefore”
(examples on p. 232)
Main body of contract with definition rules, action
rules and stipulation rules
Conclusion of the contract introduced with the
formula “in witness thereof”
Signature of the parties
Structure of international contracts
Binominals and multinominals: expressions made up of more than one word to express a single concept; binominals are often composed of Latinate + Anglosaxon word meaning the same thing (ex. “testament and will”); see pp. 245-
Here- and there- words
Common words with specific meanings (see pp. 246-248 for examples and explanations):
- Acknowledge/acknowledgement
- Provide/provision
- Waive/waiver
- Damage/damages
Distinctive language
Codified in the Codice Civile (of 1942) but based on the code of 1865 that was influenced by French and German codes and legal doctrine
The original Code Civil was based on a liberalistic order where state intervention and evaluation is reduced
Rules are applied mechanically, which is more predictable but may also lead to excessive rigidity
Positive law, without natural reason or equity, is considered the true law (exegetical school)
Codice Civile is modernised compared to the Code Civil and more focused on social justice rather than liberalism