Strategie di Traduzione: Un'Introduzione, Dispense di Lingua Inglese

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TRANSLATION STRATEGIES

24 th October 2018

Translation Strategies: An Introduction

What does translation mean?

What does strategy mean?

List of translation strategies

translate

c.1300, "to remove from one place to another,"

also "to turn from one language to another," from

L. translatus "carried over," serving as pp. of

transferre "to bring over, carry over" (see

transfer), from trans- (see trans-) + latus "borne,

carried," from *tlatos , from PIE base *tel-, *tol-

"to bear, carry" (see extol). A similar notion is

behind the O.E. word it replaced, awendan , from

wendan "to turn, direct" (see wend). Translation

"work turned from one language to another" is

attested from mid-14c.

(source: Online Etymology Dictionary )

(to) translate: etymology

Translation dilemmas and dichotomies

To be faithful or not to be faithful?

Word vs sense

Literal vs free

Faithful vs free

Form vs content

Formal vs dynamic

Semantic vs communicative

Essay on the Principles of Translation

(Alexander Fraser Tytler, 1790)

“A good translation is one in which the merit of

the original work is so completely transfused

into another language as to be as distinctly

apprehended and as strongly felt by a native

of the country to which that language belongs

as it is by those who speak the language of the

original work.”

Nida

(Alexander Fraser Tytler, 1790)

Formal Equivalence vs Dynamic Equivalence

Dynamic Equivalence = Equivalence of Effect

Dynamic Equivalence = Functional Equivalence

E.g. «the seal of God»

Translation Strategies

Using examples from several language Malone provides

a list of NINE translation strategies, i.e. nine different

ways to deal with the differences between Source

Language (SL) and Target Language (TL) at structural and

lexical level.

Ways of dealing with structural and lexical differences

between English and Italian.

From J.L. Malone,

The Science of Linguistics in the Art of Translation

(see C. Taylor, Language to Language , pp. 48-64)

Translation Strategies

By referring to these strategies translators

can justify adjustments of form depending

on the semantic, stylistic and communicative

requirements of the TT.

Translation Strategies

EQUATION vs SUBSTITUTION

EQUATION

automatic equivalence/ absolute equality^ automatic equivalence/ absolute equality

In quite general terms EQUATION refers to the default situation

whereby a term is translated with its one-to-one equivalent

(e.g. man = uomo)

Lisa fermò la macchina e vide un uomo…

Lisa stopped the car and saw a man…

Never take equation for granted:

the same word may not mean the same thing

in two languages

E.g. false-friends:

• (^) actually = effettivamente (NON attualmente)
• (^) eventually = alla fine (NON eventualmente)
• (^) effectively = efficacemente (NON effettivamente)
• (^) dramatic (landscape) = spettacolare (NON drammatico)
• (^) sympathetic ≠ simpatico

Pepperoni Pizza?

• (^) Pepperoni = salame piccante
• (^) In many dubbed TV series you will notice a

mismatch between the words spoken (e.g.

«Per me una pizza ai peperoni») and the

items appearing on the screen (a pizza with

slices an American variety of salami).

• (^) “Pizza ai peperoni” is a mistranslation of

Pepperoni Pizza