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Genetic Engineering - Englisch LK 2021, Abiturprüfungen von Englisch

Englisch

Hallo liebe Leute, hier findet hier eine Zusammenfassung über das Thema: Genetic Engineering. Ich hoffe ihr könnt gut damit lernen.

Art: Abiturprüfungen

2020/2021

Hochgeladen am 13.04.2021

keziban-bozkurt
keziban-bozkurt 🇩🇪

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Englisch Genetic Engineering
Risks:
not experienced enough 
incompatible with many religions (every living being is made by god)
danger to mess up ecosystems
ethical issues
nutritional values can be less
technology can be abused for money reasons
problems of overpopulation could get worse
wrong edits might happen--> unwanted changes
financial interests
dictators may become immortal.
long-term consequences are unknown
crossbreeding with other plants
immortality (dictators, armies)
Benefits:
curing diseases (e.g. Herpes, HIV, cancer, …)
no more genetic diseases (e.g. clour blindness, Hemophilia, huntington's disease)
slow/stop/remove the aging process
helps with future projects (cultivate new planets)
More muscles
increase the productivity of plants/animals
reducing the need of pesticides
Definiton
-> Modification of the genetic code of a living organism
General information
• improvement of science and technology
• breakthroughs in medicine and physics: live longer and healthier
• biotechnology: questioned by ethics, no knowledge about long-term effects, unforeseen
consequences
• stem cell research and cloning: destroy embryos and nature
Genetically modified food
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Englisch Genetic Engineering Risks:  not experienced enough  incompatible with many religions (every living being is made by god)  danger to mess up ecosystems  ethical issues  nutritional values can be less  technology can be abused for money reasons  problems of overpopulation could get worse  wrong edits might happen--> unwanted changes  financial interests  dictators may become immortal.  long-term consequences are unknown  crossbreeding with other plants  immortality (dictators, armies) Benefits:  curing diseases (e.g. Herpes, HIV, cancer, …)  no more genetic diseases (e.g. clour blindness, Hemophilia, huntington's disease)  slow/stop/remove the aging process  helps with future projects (cultivate new planets)  More muscles  increase the productivity of plants/animals  reducing the need of pesticides Definiton -> Modification of the genetic code of a living organism

General information

  • improvement of science and technology
  • breakthroughs in medicine and physics: live longer and healthier
  • biotechnology: questioned by ethics, no knowledge about long-term effects, unforeseen consequences
  • stem cell research and cloning: destroy embryos and nature

Genetically modified food

Pro

  • reduce the use of pesticides
  • to get greater crop yields, higher productivity
  • crops get resistant to unfavorable conditions
  • to introduce vaccines into food o automatically protected against certain diseases
  • better taste / better nutrition
  • cheaper and quicker
  • less soil pollution  less environmental damage
  • easier to feed people in dry countries
  • able to feed more people o to reduce poverty in the world
  • university carrying out research o to reduce unforeseeable consequences cons
  • controlled by multinational companies o only interested in profits
  • biodiversity will be neglected o risk of uncontrollable damage to the environment
  • humans have to influence nature
  • risk of incalculable long – term consequences
  • use of antibiotics: people may get resistant to medicine
  • Risk of abuse of knowledge
  • unhealthy nutrition of mankind
  • possibility of allergic reactions
  • smaller companies/ farmer get suppressed because it needs a lot of capital
  • high costs for poor countries
  • gap between rich and poor gets bigger
  • genes can mutate uncontrolled

Genome editing

  • to modify human embryos
  • scientists are allowed to study the embryos for research purposes o first 14 days o not allowed to implant them into the womb of women
  • switch on / off some genes Pro
  • to prevent illnesses or completely wipe out diseases
  • a new step forward in the development of technology / research
  • to understand the development of embryos in a better way
  • to correct faulty/damaged genes
  • Parents are capable of what they want to modify and set their limits
  • improvement of the whole humankind

Contra

  • Not only modify single genes also to create designer babies
  • planning the complete life o predetermined life might make unhappy
  • abuse and loss of values
  • risk of society manipulating the genetic traits of children
  • people who have not been modified might be excluded
  • people and animals might suffer during the processes and experiments o value of a living being?
  • Only wealthy people can afford it  Gap between rich and poor and maybe exclusion of the poorer part in society Terms GENOME: A Genome is an all genetic material of an organism, consisting of DNA. The DNA consists of the non- coding DNA, mitochondrial DNA and chloroplast DNA. The study of the genome is called genomics. DNA: -stands for: Deoxyribonucleic acid -many different nucleotides (proteins) which build a chain to save/ covey/ encode the information (identity) of every living creature -it is located inside the cell nucleus General Definition of GE: Genetic Engineering is a process in which the DNA is changed in any way artificially. DNA is part of the genome, which contains the whole genetic information of an organism. The DNA carries genetic information of a person and is capable to be inherited. Through this process of editing the genome an organism becomes an GMO ( genetically modified organism), which means the genome was edited in a way that would not be possible naturally. Recombinant DNA is a DNA molecule that was created new artificially. The DNA can be edited with methods like CRIPR/Cas which makes it possible to insert, modify and remove DNA components.

CRISPR-Cas

-gene scissors -target specific parts of DNA Possibility -works for every type of cell -may end diseases such as cancer or HIV Possibility to insert/remove/modify DNA components -works for every type of cell -may end diseases such as cancer or HIV