Nur auf Docsity: Lade India Today Referat Skript und mehr Skripte als PDF für Englisch herunter!
India’s population is roughly 1.3 billion, the second most populated country after China. The inhabitants face many challenges daily, and it has a repercussion on the economy, reputation, and welfare of the whole country. The social issues in India are primarily found in the rural areas, also known as the slums.
- Poverty According to the Planning Commission, 22% of India’s population lived below the poverty line in 2012. The rising population causes poverty in India. It causes a rise in demand for consumption, and India may not have the resources necessary to sustain the growing population.
- Unemployment (Various causes cause unemployment in India. The country has a large population, and there are not as many jobs available for the number of people in the country. Some rural populations do not have access to education or vocational training, meaning they may have fewer chances of being employed by a company in the public or private sector. Also, the education provided in some schools and colleges does not fit the industries’ requirements.)
- Malnutrition Malnutrition is one of the consequences of poverty in the country. More than 200 million people do not have sufficient access to food, and 61 million are children. This causes a high infant mortality rate. Approximately 1.4 million children die each year in India before their 5th birthday.
- Health issues and lack of appropriate healthcare India is prone to struggling with communicable diseases and other diseases linked to the lack of access to drinking water, malnutrition, HIV/AIDS etc. Challenges faced by the healthcare system in India include premature deaths and lifelong health problems due to undernutrition, high rates of neonatal and maternal mortality, and non-communicable diseases.
- Child labour From their census in 2011, there were around 10.1 million child labourers. Children work in many industries; brick kilns, carpet weaving, garment making, domestic service, food and refreshment services, agriculture, fisheries, and mining. Environmental degradation: India faces significant environmental challenges, including air pollution, deforestation, and water pollution, which can have serious health and economic consequences. Narendra modi’s policies: aimed at promoting economic growth, creating employment opportunities, and improving the standard of living of the people. Some of the key economic policies of the Modi government are:
Make in India: Launched in 2014, this policy aims to promote manufacturing and investment in India, and increase the country's share in the global manufacturing sector. Digital India: This policy aims to transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy by providing digital infrastructure Startup India: Launched in 2016, this policy aims to promote entrepreneurship and create a conducive environment for startups to grow and thrive. Skill India: This policy aims to provide skill training and improve the employability of the Indian workforce, especially in the emerging sectors of the economy. Goods and Services Tax (GST): Implemented in 2017, this policy aims to simplify the taxation system in India and create a single market for goods and services across the country. Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan: Launched in 2020, this policy aims to promote self-reliance and reduce dependence on imports by promoting domestic manufacturing and production. Prime Minister of India, has pursued an active foreign policy aimed at enhancing India's global profile and promoting its strategic interests. Some of the key foreign policies of the Modi government are: Act East Policy: The Act East Policy is aimed at strengthening India's economic and strategic ties with countries in the Asia-Pacific region. The policy focuses on developing connectivity infrastructure, promoting trade and investment, and enhancing cultural ties with countries in the region. Neighbourhood First Policy: The Neighbourhood First Policy is aimed at improving India's relations with its immediate neighbours. The policy focuses on developing economic and security ties with neighbouring countries and promoting regional integration. Look East Policy: The Look East Policy is aimed at enhancing India's ties with countries in the Southeast Asian region. The policy focuses on promoting trade and investment, enhancing connectivity, and improving cultural ties with countries in the region. Indo-Pacific Strategy: The Indo-Pacific Strategy is aimed at promoting India's strategic interests in the Indo-Pacific region. The strategy focuses on enhancing cooperation with countries in the region on issues such as maritime security, counter-terrorism, and trade and investment. Outreach to African Countries: The Modi government has also focused on enhancing India's engagement with African countries. This has included increasing economic and development assistance, promoting trade and investment, and enhancing cultural ties with countries in the region. The Modi government faces several foreign policy challenges, including managing India's relationship with China and Pakistan, balancing its strategic interests in the region, and addressing the concerns of its allies and partners. India Economy India is now the world’s fifth-largest economy, when measured by GDP (with USD 2. trillion or AUD 3.74 trillion GDP and USD 6,284 or AUD 9,093 GDP per capita) in 2020. According to the International Monetary Fund, India is currently one of the fastest-growing economies in the world and is expected to outgrow other major economies in 25 years – an
The Belt and Road Initiative consists of two main components: the "Silk Road Economic Belt," which involves the construction of a network of highways, railways, and pipelines connecting China to Europe and the Middle East through Central Asia, and the "21st Century Maritime Silk Road," which aims to connect China to Southeast Asia, South Asia, Africa, and the Middle East through a series of ports and other infrastructure projects. One of India's main concerns is that the Belt and Road Initiative could strengthen China's strategic position in the region, including its military presence and influence. India has also expressed concerns about the environmental and social impacts of the initiative, as well as the potential debt burden that participating countries may face. India has taken a cautious approach to the Belt and Road Initiative, opting not to officially join the project and instead pursuing its own regional connectivity projects, such as the International North-South Transport Corridor and the Asia-Africa Growth Corridor. Additionally, India has also raised objections to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, which is a key component of the Belt and Road Initiative, as it passes through a disputed territory claimed by India. India and US The relationship between the United States and India has grown significantly in recent years, with both countries seeing each other as important strategic partners. The two countries share common interests in areas such as trade, security, and counterterrorism, and have been working to deepen their economic and defense ties. Economic ties between the United States and India have grown significantly in recent years, with bilateral trade reaching over $150 billion in 2019. Both countries have sought to deepen their economic engagement through initiatives such as the US-India Strategic Energy Partnership and the US-India Trade Policy Forum. In terms of security, the United States and India have cooperated on a range of issues, including counterterrorism, maritime security, and defense technology. The two countries have also conducted joint military exercises and signed a number of defense agreements, including the landmark US-India Civil Nuclear Agreement. The relationship between the United States and India has been strengthened by a shared commitment to democracy and the rule of law. Both countries have sought to promote these values in the region and around the world through initiatives such as the US-India Global Partnership Forum and the US-India Strategic Dialogue. However, there are also areas of tension between the two countries. One key issue is trade, with both countries imposing tariffs on each other's goods in recent years. There have also been disagreements over issues such as intellectual property rights and market access. Another area of tension is the relationship between India and China, with the United States expressing support for India in its territorial disputes with China. The US has also expressed concern over China's growing influence in the region and has sought to deepen its security cooperation with India in response.
India/ Russia India and Russia have traditionally enjoyed a close relationship dating back to the Cold War era, when India was a key ally of the Soviet Union. Today, the two countries continue to maintain a strong strategic partnership based on shared interests in areas such as defense, energy, and regional stability. One of the main pillars of the India-Russia relationship is defense cooperation. Russia is India's largest defense supplier, and the two countries have a long history of cooperation in this area. India has purchased a range of military hardware from Russia, including fighter jets, tanks, and missiles. In addition, the two countries conduct regular joint military exercises and have signed a number of defense agreements. In the energy sector, India and Russia have cooperated on a number of projects, including the construction of the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant in southern India. Russia is also a major supplier of oil and gas to India, and the two countries have sought to deepen their energy cooperation in recent years. In terms of regional stability, India and Russia have been working together to address security challenges in the region, including the threat of terrorism. They have also supported each other on key regional issues, such as the situation in Afghanistan. There are also annual summits that take place between the prime minister of idk nd the president of Russia—> 21 this far While the India-Russia relationship remains strong, there have been some challenges in recent years. India's growing ties with the United States, for example, have led to concerns in Moscow about India's commitment to the partnership. In addition, there have been some disagreements over trade and economic issues, as well as Russia's ties with India's regional rivals, such as China and Pakistan. Ukraine War India and Ukraine have maintained a friendly relationship since India recognized Ukraine as an independent country in 1991. The two countries share historical and cultural ties dating back to the days of the Soviet Union, and they have since expanded their cooperation in various fields. India has maintained a position of neutrality on the conflict in Ukraine and has called for a peaceful resolution through dialogue and diplomacy. India's Ministry of External Affairs has stated that it supports the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine and has urged all parties involved to exercise restraint and work towards a peaceful solution to the conflict. India has also supported the efforts of the international community, including the United Nations, to resolve the conflict through peaceful means. In 2015, India abstained from a United Nations General Assembly resolution condemning Russia's annexation of Crimea, which was widely seen as a reflection of India's desire to maintain neutrality in the conflict.
And as the West isolates Russia, India fears Putin is already looking eastward, toward Beijing. "You're already seeing a very close Russia-China relationship emerging, even in the last few years," says the ORF's Rajagopalan. "So the current Indian approach is, we don't want Russia to go completely into the Chinese fold. Because for India, China has become the No. 1 national security threat." Chinese leader Xi Jinping is making his first state visit to Russia since it invaded Ukraine, in a strong show of support for President Vladimir Putin. Beijing describes president’s trip as ‘journey of friendship’ So even if Washington doesn't like it, Biden administration officials say they understand why India has not condemned Russia's invasion of Ukraine, and they're willing to grant India a wide berth. They may even see India's continued ties with Putin as useful — to try to mitigate just how far the Ukraine war drives him into Xi Jinping's arms.
