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1 L Latin CHEAT SHEET 1 st^ Declension: Case Singular Plural Nominative - a - ae Genitive - ae - ārum Dative - ae - īs Accusative - am - ās Ablative - ā - īs Vocative - a - ae 2 nd^ Declension: Case Singular Plural Nominative - us/er/ um (N) - ī /-a (N) Genitive - ī - ōrum Dative - ō - īs Accusative - um - ōs / - a (N) Ablative - ō - īs Vocative - e/er - ī /-a (N) 3 rd^ Declension: Case Singular Plural Nominative Word - ēs /-a(N) Genitive - is - um Dative - ī - ibus Accusative - em/Word(N) - ēs /-a(N) Ablative - e - ibus Vocative Word - ēs /-a(N) Present Tense Endings (1/2): NONE/am, is, are Person Singular Plural 1 st^ - ō - mus 2 nd^ - s - tis 3 rd^ - t - nt Imperfect Tense Endings (1/2) WAS/WERE Person Singular Plural 1 st^ - bam - b ā mus 2 nd^ - b ā s - b ā tis 3 rd^ - bat - bant Future Tense Endings (1/2): WILL Person Singular Plural 1 st^ - b ō - bimus 2 nd^ - bis - bitis 3 rd^ - bit - bunt Personal Pronouns: Person Singular Plural 1 st^ I We 2 nd^ You You all 3 rd^ HSI They
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Functions of the Cases: Case Function Translation Nom. Subject The, a Gen. Possession Of Dat. Indirect Object To-For Acc. Direct Object The, a Abl. Object of a Preposition By-with- from Voc. Direct Address NONE Present Tense Endings (3rd) NONE/am, is, are Person Singular Plural 1 st^ - ō - imus 2 nd^ - is - itis 3 rd^ - it - unt Imperfect Tense Endings (3rd) WAS/WERE Person Singular Plural 1 st^ - ēbam - ēbā mus 2 nd^ - ēbā s - ēbā tis 3 rd^ - ēbat - ēbant Future Tense Endings (3rd) WILL Person Singular Plural 1 st^ - am - ēmus 2 nd^ - ēs - ētis 3 rd^ - et - ent The Nine Muses “TUM PECCET” 1.) Thalia — Comedy & Idyllic Poetry 2.) Urania — Astronomy 3.) Melpomone — Tragedy 4.) Polyhymnia — Sacred Music 5.) Erato — Love Poetry 6.) Clio — History 7.) Calliope — Epic Poetry & Eloquence 8.) Euterpe — Lyric Poetry 9.) Terpsichore — Dance Present Forms of Sum, Esse, Fui, Futurus Person Singular Plural 1 st^ sum I am sumus we are 2 nd^ es you are estis you all are 3 rd^ est he, she, it is sunt they are Imperfect Forms of Sum, Esse, Fui, Futurus Person Singular Plural 1 st^ eram I was er ā mus we were 2 nd^ er ā s you were er ā tis you all were 3 rd^ erat he, she, it was erant they were Future Forms of Sum, Esse, Fui, Futurus Person Singular Plural 1 st^ er ō I will be erimus we will be 2 nd^ eris you will be eritis you all will be 3 rd^ erit he, she, it will be erunt they will be
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Present Tense Endings ( 3 rd-io/4th) NONE/am, is, are Person Singular Plural 1 st^ - i ō - ī mus 2 nd^ - ī s - ī tis 3 rd^ - it - iunt Imperfect Tense Endings ( 3 rd-io/4th) WAS/WERE Person Singular Plural 1 st^ - i ēbam - i ēbā mus 2 nd^ - i ēbā s - i ēbā tis 3 rd^ - i ēbat - i ēbant Future Tense Endings ( 3 rd-io/4th) WILL Person Singular Plural 1 st^ - i am - i ēmus 2 nd^ - i ēs - i ētis 3 rd^ - i et - i ent Perfect Tense (All Conj.) Magic Words: have, has, + Past Participle (-ed) Ex. I have verbed, HSI has verbed Person Singular Plural 1 st^ - ī - imus 2 nd^ - istī - istis 3 rd^ - it - erunt Pluperfect Tense (All Conj.) Magic Words: had + Past Participle (-ed) Ex. I had verbed, HSI had verbed Person Singular Plural 1 st^ - eram - er ā mus 2 nd^ - er ā s - er ā tis 3 rd^ - erat - erant Future Perfect Tense (All Conj.) Magic Words: will have + Past Participle (-ed) Ex. I will have verbed, HSI will have verbed Person Singular Plural 1 st^ -- erō - erimus 2 nd^ - eris - eritis 3 rd^ - erit - erint 1 st^ Person Singular Pronoun Chart: Case Singular Translation Nom ego I Gen meī of me Dat mihi to me Acc mē me Abl mē by-with- from me 1 st^ Person Plural Pronoun Chart: Case Plural Translation Nom nōs We Gen nostrum/ nostr ī of us,our Dat n ōbīs to us Acc nōs us Abl n ōbīs by-with- from us
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2 nd^ Person Singular Pronoun Case Singular Translation Nom tū You Gen tuī of you Dat tibi to you Acc tē you Abl tē by-with- from you 2 nd^ Person Plural Pronoun: Case Singular Translation Nom vōs You all Gen vestrum/ vestrī of you all Dat v ōbīs to-for you all Acc vōs you all Abl v ōbīs by-with- from you all 3 rd^ Person Pronoun Chart: SINGULAR Case Masculine Masc Trans Feminine Fem Trans Neuter Neut Trans Nominative is He ea She id It Genitive eius his eius her eius its Dative eī to-for him eī to-for her eī to-for it Accusative eum him eam her id it Ablative eō By-With- From him eā By-With- From her eō By-With- From it PLURAL Case Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural Trans Nominative eī eae ea They Genitive eōrum eārum eōrum their/of them Dative eīs eīs eīs to-for them Accusative eōs eās ea them Ablative eīs eīs eīs by-with-from them
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