Understanding Personality Disorders: Types, Characteristics, and Treatment Approaches, Slides of Psychology

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Personality Disorders

Notes by Eliasparamedic

Table of Contents: Personality Disorders

I. Introduction to Personality Disorders

• Presentation Objectives
• What is Personality?
• Definition of Personality Disorders
• General Characteristics of Personality Disorders

II. Etiology and Clusters

• Etiological Theories - Learning, Cognitive, and Psychoanalytic Theories - Environmental Factors
• The Three DSM-5-TR Clusters - Cluster A: Odd or Eccentric - Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic - Cluster C: Anxious or Fearful

V. Cluster C: Anxious or Fearful Disorders

• Avoidant Personality Disorder - Key Features and Theoretical Explanations
• Dependent Personality Disorder - Key Features, Associated Risks, and Demographics
• Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) - Key Characteristics (Including Diagnostic Criteria)

VI. Treatment and Therapies

• General Treatment Challenges
• Interpersonal Psychotherapy
• Psychoanalytical Psychotherapy
• Milieu or Group Therapy
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

VII. Additional Considerations

• Multicultural Factors and Research Neglect

Personality Disorders

Personality

What is personality?

Personality is a unique and long-term pattern of

inner experience and outward behavior

Personality tends to be consistent and is often

described in terms of “traits”

These traits may be inherited, learned, or both

Personality is also flexible, allowing us to learn

and adapt to new environments

For those with personality disorders, however, that

flexibility is usually missing

What is a personality disorder?

• An inflexible pattern of inner experience and outward

behavior

• This pattern is seen in most interactions, differs from the

experiences and behaviors usually expected of people, and

continues for years

• The rigid traits of people with personality disorders often

impairs their ability to function socially; personality traits

become rigid and dysfunctional.

• Personality disorders are chronic and maladaptive,

impacting all aspects of one’s life.

Personality Disorders

Personality disorders are grouped

into 3 clusters according to the

DSM-V-TR

Cluster A: Behaviors are described as odd or

eccentric

Cluster B: Behaviors are described as

dramatic, emotional, or erratic

Cluster C: Behaviors are described as anxious

or fearful

Cluster A Disorders (suspicious, odd)

Paranoid personality disorder

Schizoid personality disorder

Schizotypal personality disorder

Cluster B Disorders (dramatic)

Antisocial personality disorder

Borderline personality disorder

Histrionic personality disorder

Narcissistic personality disorder

Cluster C Disorders (anxious)

Avoidant personality disorder

Dependent personality disorder

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Characteristics Continued

Patient themselves unaware or unacceptable of

their illness

Risky behaviors and substance abuse most

prominently seen

Blame others, create imaginary world, conform

surroundings to suit their situation

No hallucinations, illusions, or delusions present

(except for Borderline PD)

Senses are fully functional with good memory

skills and normal functioning of the vital organs

Paranoid

personali

ty

disorder

Schizoid

personality

disorder

Schizoty

pal

personali

ty

disorder

Cluster A “odd” personality disorders includes:

Paranoid Personality Disorder

cont’d

Nursing Management

Patients seen for other health problems

Nsg DX: Disturbed thought process, social

isolation

Nursing Interventions

◦It can be difficult to establish nurse-patient

relationship.

◦If trust is established, help patient identify problem

areas.

Changing thought patterns takes time.

This disorder is characterized by persistent

avoidance of social relationships and limited

emotional expression

• Withdrawn and reclusive, people with this disorder do not

have close ties with other people; they genuinely prefer to be

alone

• People with schizoid personality disorder focus mainly on

themselves and are often seen as flat, cold, humorless, and dull

• The disorder is estimated to affect fewer than 1% of the

population

• It is slightly more likely to occur in men than in women

Schizoid Personality Disorder

This disorder is characterized by a

range of interpersonal problems,

marked by extreme discomfort in

close relationships, odd (even

bizarre) ways of thinking, and

behavioral eccentricities

Schizotypal Personality

Disorder

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

cont’d

 Interpersonal deficits marked by acute

discomfort with and reduced capacity for

close relationships

 Cognitive or perceptual distortions and

eccentricities of behavior indicated by 5 or

more:

 Ideas of reference

 Odd beliefs, magical thinking

 Unusual perceptions

 Odd thinking and speech

 Suspiciousness, paranoia

 Inappropriate or constricted affect

 Odd behavior or appearance

 Excessive social anxiety that does not diminish

with familiarity

 Lack of close friends/confidants other that 1

st