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Psychological Disorders: Definition and Treatment, Quizzes of Psychology

Louisiana State University (LSU) - System OfficePsychology

Definitions and explanations for various psychological disorders, including dissociative identity disorder, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, schizophrenia, and depression. It also covers different therapeutic approaches such as psychotherapy, cognitive therapy, and biomedical therapy.

Typology: Quizzes

2010/2011

Uploaded on 12/08/2011

delaneyheart
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TERM 1
Psychological Disorder
DEFINITION 1
* Deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional patterns of thoughts,
feelings, and behaviors* Differ by culture* Very with time*
Impairment of daily functioning and life is key
TERM 2
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
DEFINITION 2
* Commonly known as multiple personality disorder* 2
different personalities
TERM 3
Personality Disorders
DEFINITION 3
* Inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social
functioning
TERM 4
Anxiety Expressing
DEFINITION 4
* Anxious Cluster* Avoidant, dependent, OCD personality
disorders
TERM 5
Eccentric Behaviors
DEFINITION 5
* Eccentric Cluster* Schizoid
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Psychological Disorder

  • Deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors* Differ by culture* Very with time* Impairment of daily functioning and life is key TERM 2

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

DEFINITION 2

  • Commonly known as multiple personality disorder* 2 different personalities TERM 3

Personality Disorders

DEFINITION 3

  • Inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning TERM 4

Anxiety Expressing

DEFINITION 4

  • Anxious Cluster* Avoidant, dependent, OCD personality disorders TERM 5

Eccentric Behaviors

DEFINITION 5

  • Eccentric Cluster* Schizoid

Dramatic or Impulsive Behaviors

  • Erratic Cluster* Narcissistic, histrionic, antisocial, borderline personality disorders TERM 7

Antisocial Personality Disorder

DEFINITION 7

  • Serial Killers* Formerly known as psychopath or sociopath* Lack of conscious* Usually male* Caused by lack of activity in the frontal lobe TERM 8

Somatoform Disorder

DEFINITION 8

  • A mental disorder that take physical form TERM 9

Conversion Disorder

DEFINITION 9

  • Rare* Anxiety presumably is converted into a physical symptom* Conversion disorder is a condition in which patients present with neurological symptoms such as numbness, blindness, paralysis, or fits without a neurological cause. TERM 10

Schizophrenia

DEFINITION 10

  • 1 in 100 suffer* Nearly 24 million in the world*Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by a disintegration of thought processes and of emotional responsiveness.

Panic Disorder

  • Racing Heart* Trembling hands* Shortness of breath TERM 17

Social Anxiety Disorder

DEFINITION 17

  • Fear of being in social situations* Fear of social negativity TERM 18

Specific Phobias OCD Post-traumatic Stress

Disorder

DEFINITION 18

  • "Fear of cockroaches"* Uneasiness if everything is not "ok" in the persons eyes* Usually happens after a traumatic experience TERM 19

Depression and Mania

DEFINITION 19

  • Hopelessness, response to past and current loss, lethargy* Overexcited, hyperactivity, wildly optimistic TERM 20

Major Depressive Disorder

DEFINITION 20

  • Atleast ONE major depressive episode in a TWO week period

Dysthymic Disorder

  • Chronic Depressed Mood* Recurring for more than TWO YEARS TERM 22

Bipolar I

DEFINITION 22

  • Atleast THREE manic episode in a ONE WEEK period TERM 23

Bipolar

II

DEFINITION 23

  • Atleast ONE MANIC and ONE DEPRESSED TERM 24

Beck's Negative Cognitive Triad

DEFINITION 24

  • Self, "I am worthless"* World, "The world is unfair"* Future, " My future is unfair TERM 25

Explanatory Style

DEFINITION 25

  • Stable, "Things are always going to be bad"* Global, "I can't do anything right"* Internal, "It's all my fault"

Psychodynamic Therapy

  • Face to Face setting* A form of depth psychology, the primary focus of which is to reveal the unconscious content of a client's psyche in an effort to alleviate psychic tension. TERM 32

Interpersonal Therapy

DEFINITION 32

  • Effective in treating depression* Focuses on symptom relief here and now TERM 33

Humanistic Therapies

DEFINITION 33

  • Aims to boost self-fulfillment by helping people grow in self- awareness and self-acceptance* Therapist engages in active listening TERM 34

Client-centered Therapy

DEFINITION 34

  • Therapist listens to the needs of patients* Refrains from directing clients towards certain insights TERM 35

* Behavior Therapy

DEFINITION 35

  • Applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors* Therapist do not delve too deep below the surface

Counterconditioning

  • A procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors TERM 37

Exposure

DEFINITION 37

  • Exposing the patient to his or her fear TERM 38

Systematic Desensitization

DEFINITION 38

  • A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli commonly used to treat phobias TERM 39

Aversive Conditioning

DEFINITION 39

  • Associates and unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior TERM 40

Operant Conditioning

DEFINITION 40

  • Desired behaviors are rewarded and undesired behaviors are either unrewarded or punished* EX) Token economy

Answer = Sytematic Desensitization

  • "Rank order the things that frighten you the most" TERM 47

Answer = Exposure

Training

DEFINITION 47

  • A therapist helps Rebecca overcome her fear of water by getting her to swim in the family's backyard pool 3x a day for 2 weeks TERM 48

Psychotherapy

DEFINITION 48

  • Clients overestimate this because they enter therapy in a crisis* They need to believe time and money was well spend TERM 49

Cognitive Dissonance

DEFINITION 49

  • An uncomfortable feeling caused by holding two conflicting ideas simultaneously TERM 50

Clinician's Perceptions

DEFINITION 50

  • Therapists use clients success as testament to their success* Most therapists testify to therapy's success because client's well being is greater when they leave

Meta Analysis

  • Outcome research* Combines the results of several studies that address a set of related research hypothesis TERM 52

Little Connection Between:

DEFINITION 52

  • Clinician's experience, training, supervision, and licensing* Client's outcomes TERM 53

Eye Movement Desensitization and

Reprocessing (EMDR)

DEFINITION 53

  • Therapist waves finger in front of eyes of client to unlock and reprocess previously frozen traumatic memories TERM 54

Light Exposure Therapy

DEFINITION 54

  • Used to treat Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD; form of depression)* Expose client to bright light* Light influences arousal and hormones TERM 55

Biomedical Therapies

DEFINITION 55

  • Prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patients nervous system* Used with more serious disorders* Only offered by psychiatrists* Changing brain function and chemistry

Antidepressants

  • Used for anxiety* Aim to lift people up* Increase norepinephrin and serotonin* Elevate arousal and mood* 4 weeks to take effect* Side effects1) Dry mouth2) Weight gain3) Hypertension4) Dizzy spells TERM 62

Mood Stabilizing Medications

DEFINITION 62

  • Used to treat bipolar disorders* Lithium =~A common salt used to stabilize manic episodes~Moderates levels of norepinephrine and glutamate TERM 63

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

DEFINITION 63

  • A brief electric current is sent through the brain to provide relief for severely depressed patients who do not respond to drugs TERM 64

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

(rTMS)

DEFINITION 64

  • Repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; painless* Stimulate or suppresses brain activity* Used to treat depression and produces no side effects TERM 65

Deep-brain

Stimulation

DEFINITION 65

  • Can be used to treat depression and OCD* Excited neurons that inhibit negative emotional thinking* Patients became more talkative, engaged, more aware

Psychosurgery

  • Irreversible surgical altering of brain tissue* Least used TERM 67

Social

Thinking

DEFINITION 67

  • Involves thinking about others, especially when they are dong things that are wrong TERM 68

Attribution Theory

DEFINITION 68

  • How individuals explain causes of behaviors and events TERM 69

Fundamental Attribution Error

DEFINITION 69

  • The tendency to overestimate the impact of personal disposition and underestimate the impact of the situations in analyzing the behaviors of others leads to the fundamental attribution error TERM 70

Attitudes

DEFINITION 70

  • A belief or feeling that predisposes a person to respond in a particular way to objects, other people, and events

Informational Social Influence

  • The group may provide valuable information, but stubborn people will never listen to others TERM 77

Obedience

DEFINITION 77

  • People comply to social pressures TERM 78

Social Facilitation

DEFINITION 78

  • The tendency for people to do better on simple tasks when in the presence of other people TERM 79

Social Loafing

DEFINITION 79

  • Tendency of an individual in a group to exert less effort toward attaining a common goal than when tested individually TERM 80

Deindividuation

DEFINITION 80

  • Loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

Prejudice

  • An unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members TERM 82

Overt Prejudice

DEFINITION 82

  • Ex: Tenant caller with different accents TERM 83

Racial Prejudice

DEFINITION 83

  • Toward blacks or other minority groups TERM 84

Social Inequality

DEFINITION 84

  • Prejudice develop with people have money, power and prestige, and other do not TERM 85

Ingroup

DEFINITION 85

  • People with whom one shares a common identity

Similarity

  • Similar views among individuals causes the bond of attraction to strengthen TERM 92

Altruism

DEFINITION 92

  • The concern for the welfare of others TERM 93

Bystander Effect

DEFINITION 93

  • Tendency of any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if others are around TERM 94

Conflict

DEFINITION 94

  • Conflict is perceived as anincompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas TERM 95

Superordinate Goals

DEFINITION 95

  • Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation* Ex = boy scout camp