70211 Contracts Notes, Lecture notes of Construction

Exceptions: Re Casey's Patents: Stewart v Casey [1892]: o The act was done at the promisor's request o The parties understood that the act was to be ...

Typology: Lecture notes

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/27/2022

youcangetme
youcangetme 🇬🇧

5

(4)

214 documents

1 / 4

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
70211%Contracts%Notes%
1. Contract*formation*
Agreement:*offer*
Agreement:*acceptance*
Consideration*
Promissory*estoppel*
Intention*to*create*legal*relations*
Certainty/completeness*
2. Parties*to*the*contract*
Privity*
Mental*capacity*
3. Terms*of*the*contract*
Expressed*terms*
Extrinsic*evidence*
Implied*terms*
Interpretation/construction/classification*
Exclusion*clauses*
4. Enforceability*
Formalities/part*performance*
Statutory*illegality**
Common*law*illegality/public*policy*
Consequences*of*illegality*
5. Proper*consent*
Misrepresentation*(innocent/fraudulent)*
Misleading*and*deceptive*conduct*(ACL*s*18)*
Duress*
Undue*influence*
Unconscionable*conduct*
Third*party*impropriety*
Unilateral*mistake*
Rescission*and*election*
6. Discharge/termination*of*contract*
Performance/actions*for*payment*
Agreement*
Breach*and*repudiation*
Frustration*
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
pf3
pf4

Partial preview of the text

Download 70211 Contracts Notes and more Lecture notes Construction in PDF only on Docsity!

70211 Contracts Notes

1. Contract formation - Agreement: offer - Agreement: acceptance - Consideration - Promissory estoppel - Intention to create legal relations - **Certainty/completeness

  1. Parties to the contract**
    • Privity
    • **Mental capacity
  2. Terms of the contract**
    • Expressed terms
    • Extrinsic evidence
    • Implied terms
    • Interpretation/construction/classification
    • **Exclusion clauses
  3. Enforceability**
    • Formalities/part performance
    • Statutory illegality
    • Common law illegality/public policy
    • **Consequences of illegality
  4. Proper consent**
    • Misrepresentation (innocent/fraudulent)
    • Misleading and deceptive conduct (ACL s 18)
    • Duress
    • Undue influence
    • Unconscionable conduct
    • Third party impropriety
    • Unilateral mistake
    • **Rescission and election
  5. Discharge/termination of contract**
    • Performance/actions for payment
    • Agreement
    • Breach and repudiation
    • Frustration

Consideration

To enforce a promise, parties must have given consideration consisting of a ‘benefit accruing to one party or some… detriment…undertaken by the other’: Currie v Misa Formal v Simple Contracts

  • need consideration to be legally enforceable. UNLESS : deeds under seal (strict formalities – formal contract)
  • Bilateral contract involves an exchange of promises which is sufficient.
  • Unilateral contracts , consideration is provided for the promise of reward by an act , rather than a promise.
  • Promises must be bargained for, rather than given gratuitously
    • promisor has requested the promise to do the act: Australian Woollen Mills Pty Ltd v The Commonwealth (1954) Rules of Consideration
  1. Simple contracts must have consideration
  • Consideration is essential for every simple contract: Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Company Ltd v Selfridge & Company
  • Doctrine of Privity (only a party to a contract can sue/be sued) and doctrine of consideration (only by providing consideration can one enforce contract) are interlinked o Exception to privity: insurance contracts, agencies, trusts etc.: Trident General Insurance Co Ltd v McNiece Brothers Pty Ltd
  1. Must move from the “promise” but need not flow to the promiser: Coulls v Bagont’s executor & Trustee Co Ltd
  • Must be sufficient but need not be adequate: Woolworths Limited v Kelly (1991) Kirby P; Thomas v Thomas
  • But terms of the promise may stipulate that the consideration can be passed to a third party , rather than to the promisor: Bolton v Madden; Pao On v Lau Yiu Long
  1. Forbearance can constitute good consideration
  • Forbearance: deliberately not doing something or not exercising some right, usually at the request of another, can constitute good consideration: Callisher v Bischoffsheim o Claim must be reasonable o There is an honest belief of a good change of success o No concealment of a fact that could affect the validity of the claim o The promise must be bargained for: Australian Woollen Mills Pty Ltd v The Commonwealth (1954)
  1. Must be sufficient (legally enforceable but need not be adequate) If consideration of some value exists, the court will not be concerned with its adequacy – can be nominal: Chappel & Co Ltd v Nestle Co Ltd; Woolworths Limited v Kelly (1991) Kirby P
  2. Must be lawful
  • 3 rd^ party payment: Hirachand Punamchand v Temple
  • Something other than money: Pinnel’s case
  • equitable estoppel
  • the use of a deed Hence, consideration is present.