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9th Class Physics Chapter2 Kinematics Complete Notes 2026, Lecture notes of Physics

Physics

Complete Chapter 2 Kinematics notes for 9th class Physics FBISE 2026. Includes: Rest & Motion, Scalar/Vector, Speed/Velocity, Acceleration, 3 Equations of Motion, Distance-Time & Velocity-Time Graphs, + 10 Solved Numericals with full steps. 8 pages | Easy language | Exam oriented

Typology: Lecture notes

2025/2026

Available from 06/10/2026

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Chapter 2: Kinematics
9th Class Physics FBISE | Complete Notes 2026
2.1 Introduction to Motion
The branch of physics that studies motion without considering force is called Kinematics.
The branch that studies motion with force is called Dynamics.
2.2 Rest and Motion
Rest: An object is said to be at rest if its position does not change with time relative to a
fixed point.
Example: A book lying on a table.
Motion: An object is said to be in motion if its position changes with time relative to a fixed
point.
Example: A car moving on a road.
Relative Motion: Rest and motion are relative terms.
Example: A passenger sitting in a moving bus is at rest for the driver but in motion for a
person standing on the road.
Frame of Reference: A fixed point or object with respect to which position of other objects
is measured.
2.3 Types of Motion
1. Translatory Motion: When all parts of a body move the same distance in the same
direction.
Example: A car moving on a straight road.
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Chapter 2: Kinematics 9 th^ Class Physics FBISE | Complete Notes 2026 2.1 Introduction to Motion The branch of physics that studies motion without considering force is called Kinematics. The branch that studies motion with force is called Dynamics. 2.2 Rest and Motion Rest: An object is said to be at rest if its position does not change with time relative to a fixed point. Example: A book lying on a table. Motion: An object is said to be in motion if its position changes with time relative to a fixed point. Example: A car moving on a road. Relative Motion: Rest and motion are relative terms. Example: A passenger sitting in a moving bus is at rest for the driver but in motion for a person standing on the road. Frame of Reference: A fixed point or object with respect to which position of other objects is measured. 2.3 Types of Motion

  1. Translatory Motion: When all parts of a body move the same distance in the same direction. Example: A car moving on a straight road.
  1. Rotatory Motion: When a body spins about an axis. Example: Rotation of fan blades.
  2. Oscillatory/Vibratory Motion: When a body moves to and fro about a mean position. Example: Motion of a pendulum.
  3. Random Motion: Motion with no fixed direction. Example: Movement of dust particles in air. 2.4 Scalar and Vector Quantities Scalar Quantities: Quantities that have magnitude only, no direction. Example: Mass, Time, Distance, Speed, Temperature. Vector Quantities: Quantities that have both magnitude and direction. Example: Displacement, Velocity, Force, Acceleration. Difference: Scalar: Only magnitude, added by normal algebra, Example: 5kg Vector: Magnitude + Direction, added by vector laws, Example: 10N North 2.5 Distance and Displacement Distance: The total length of path covered by an object. It is a scalar quantity. Symbol: s, SI Unit: meter m

Unit: m/s Difference: Speed has no direction, Velocity has direction. Unit Conversion: 1 km/h = 5/18 m/s Example: 72 km/h = 72 × 5/18 = 20 m/s 2.7 Acceleration Acceleration: Rate of change of velocity with time. Vector quantity. Formula: a = Change in Velocity / Time = (v_f – v_i) / t SI Unit: m/s² Types :

  1. Positive Acceleration: Velocity increases with time.
  2. Negative Acceleration/Retardation: Velocity decreases with time.
  3. Zero Acceleration: Velocity remains constant. 2.8 Equations of Motion For uniform acceleration, there are 3 equations:
  4. v_f = v_i + at
  5. s = v_i t + ½ at²
  6. v_f² = v_i² + 2as Where: v_i = initial velocity, v_f = final velocity, a = acceleration, t = time, s = displacement 2.9 Graphs of Motion
  1. Distance-Time Graph: Slope gives speed. Straight line = uniform speed, Curve = variable speed.
  2. Velocity-Time Graph: Slope gives acceleration. Area under graph = distance covered. 2.10 Motion of Freely Falling Bodies When an object falls under gravity only, it is called free fall. G = 9.8 m/s² ≈ 10 m/s² downward Equations same as above, replace a with g:
  3. v_f = v_i + gt
  4. h = v_i t + ½ gt²
  5. v_f² = v_i² + 2gh Note: For upward motion, g = - 10 m/s² 2.11 Solved Numerical Problems Q1: A car travels 200m in 10s. Find average speed. Solution: Given: s = 200m, t = 10s Formula: v_avg = s/t = 200/10 = 20 m/s Answer: 20 m/s Q2: A body starts from rest and accelerates at 2 m/s² for 5s. Find final velocity. Solution: Given: v_i = 0, a = 2 m/s², t = 5s

Solution: Given: v_i = 20, v_f = 0, t = 5s A = (v_f – v_i)/t = (0-20)/5 = - 4 m/s² Negative sign shows retardation. Q8: An object accelerates at 2 m/s² for 5s starting from rest. Find distance. Solution: Given: v_i = 0, a = 2, t = 5s S = v_i t + ½at² = 0 + ½×2×25 = 25m 2.12 Important Definitions

  1. Speedometer: Measures instantaneous speed of a vehicle.
  2. Odometer: Measures total distance traveled by a vehicle.
  3. Accelerometer: Sensor in mobile phones that measures acceleration. 2.13 MCQs for Practice
  4. SI unit of distance is: a) m/s b) meter c) second d) kg → b
  5. Which is a vector quantity? A) Mass b) Time c) Force d) Temperature → c
  6. Standard value of g is: a) 9.8 b) 10 c) 9.81 d) All → d
  7. Unit of acceleration is: a) m/s b) m/s² c) s d) m → b 2.14 Exam Tips
  8. Always write Given → Formula → Solution in numericals.
  9. Draw diagram for displacement questions.
  10. Never forget units, otherwise marks will be deducted.
  11. Write “retardation” for negative acceleration.
  1. Learn km/h to m/s conversion: multiply by 5/ Summary Table: Quantity | Symbol | Formula | Unit Speed | v | s/t | m/s Velocity | v | Δs/t | m/s Acceleration | a | (v_f-v_i)/t | m/s² 1 st^ Equation | - | v_f = v_i + at | - 2 nd^ Equation | - | s = v_i t + ½ at² | - 3 rd^ Equation | - | v_f² = v_i² + 2as | - End of Chapter 2 Total Pages: 9- 10 2.15 Extra Practice Questions for Board Exam Q9: Difference between Distance and Displacement with example Q10: Prove that v_f = v_i + at using Velocity-Time graph Q11: A ball thrown upward reaches 20m height. Find initial velocity. G= Q12: Convert 108 km/h into m/s Q13: Why is displacement a vector but distance is scalar? 2.16 Real Life Applications
  2. Speedometer in car uses concept of instantaneous speed
  3. GPS uses displacement to find shortest route
  4. Rocket launch uses 3 equations of motion