Chapter2, Essays (high school) of Architecture

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THE CONCEPT OF COMPUTER

ARCHITECTURE

Chapter No. 2

Evolution of the Concept of

Computer Architecture

 (^) The term computer architecture evolved in1964 by the chief architects of IBM System/360.  (^) They interpreted computer architecture as the structure of machine that the assembly language programmer must understand to write a correct program for a machine.  (^) Bell and Newell in 1970 gave the concept of computer architecture by introducing a hierarchical , multilevel description. They identified four levels as the electronic circuit level, the logic design level, the programming level, and the processor-memory-switch (PMS) level.

Recent Interpretation of the Concept of Computer Architecture  (^) Now the interpretation of computer architecture covers the three aspects:  (^) underlying computational model

 Von Neumann, dataflow, …

 (^) Level of consideration

 micromachine, processor, computer system

 (^) Scope of interest

 functional specification, implementation

Recent Interpretation of the Concept of Computer Architecture

Underlying

computational

model

Level of

consideration

Scope of

interest

Level of Abstraction

Scope of Interest Scope of interest Functional specification Implementation

Computer Computer

Black box view Abstract architecture (logical architecture, external architecture, exo architecture, behavioral description, programming model) Concrete architecture (physical architecture, internal architecture, endo-architecture, structural architecture) Internal structure and operation

Abstract Architecture

 (^) Also known as exo-architecture,external or logical architecture, a black box description, or in certain context as a programming model or a behavioral description.  (^) The abstract architecture is the black box specification and considers two different point of views:  (^) programmers point of view  (^) dealing with the programming model  (^) hardware designer’s point of view  (^) dealing with the hardware model. It also incorporates additional specifications like interface protocols

Concrete Architecture

 (^) Also known as endo-architecture, internal or physical architecture or structural description.  (^) How a computer is implemented at a particular level of abstraction.  (^) E.g. at the system level the description of the concrete architecture is based on processor level building blocks, such as processors, memories,buses and so on.  (^) The concrete architecture also considers two different point of views:  (^) logic design  (^) physical design

Concrete Architecture of Computer

System

Abstract Architecture of Processors

(Architecture)

 The abstract architecture of a processor is often

referred to as simply the architecture of the

processor

Concrete Architectures of Processors

(Micro Architecture)

 The concrete architecture of a processor is often

referred to as the microarchitecture.

Abstract Architecture of an

Operating System

 (^) The abstract architecture of an operating system means the functional specifications.

Concrete Architecture of an

Operating System

 (^) In order to interpret the concrete architecture of an operating system, its building blocks, their interconnections and its operation have to be specified.  (^) In this case, the building blocks are the main components of the operating system, such as memory management, processor management, I/O management, and so on.

Description Of Computer

Architectures

Description of architectures Informal description Formal description