Download Abdominal Ultrasound: Anatomy and Pathology and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
verified solutions (
Terms)2024\2025 update.
During abdominal sonography on a 68-year-old male, you suspect an exophytic mass arising from the stomach. Which technique is most useful in analyzing this mass? a. scan the area while the patient performs a Valsalva maneuver b. perform compression sonography c. scan the patient in both inspiration and expiration d. rescan the patient following ingestion of a fatty meal e. scan the patient in a Trendelenburg position - Answer b. perform compression sonography This TRV image was obtained in a 49 y.o. male with hematuria. What structure is represented by the letter "a"? a. rib b. lumbar spine c. quadratus lumborum muscle d. psoas muscle e. obturator internus muscle - Answer c. quadratus lumborum muscle
verified solutions (
Terms)2024\2025 update.
The patient you are scanning has eaten breakfast prior to your study. What is the appearance of the gallbladder in the postprandial state? a. dilatation of a thin-walled gallbladder b. contraction of the gallbladder with diffuse wall thickening c. nonvisibility of the gallbladder due to complete contraction d. contraction of the gallbladder with asymmetric wall thickening e. minimal contraction of the gallbladder with a sludge filled lumen - Answer b. contraction of the gallbladder with diffuse wall thickening What is the relationship of the superior mesenteric artery to the pancreas? a. posterior to the tail b. posterior to the neck c. superior to the body d. cephalad to the head e. lateral to the tail - Answer b. posterior to the neck Which of the following is NOT true regarding thyroid nodules?
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Terms)2024\2025 update.
A patient has been referred to your ultrasound lab with a history of acute pyelonephritis. What is the most common sonographic appearance of this condition? a. normal appearance b. irregular renal surface contour c. mottles appearance of both kidneys d. focal hypoechoic masses throughout the kidney e. gas within the renal parenchyma - Answer a. normal appearance You have been asked to perform an ultrasound evaluation of a child with multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK). Which of the following is NOT a sign of this condition? a. multiple variably sized cysts b. nonmedial lovation of the largest cyst c. dilated ureter d. no identifiable renal sinus e. brightly echogenic tissue interfaces between cysts - Answer c. dilated ureter
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Terms)2024\2025 update.
You are scanning a patient with a history of fever, abnormal liver function tests, and RUQ tenderness. The liver is enlarged with decreased echogenicity, the GB wall is thickened and thick echogenic bands are noted surrounding the portal veins. Which of the following conditions is most likely? a. fatty liver b. cirrhosis c. budd-chiari syndrome d. hepatitis e. normal liver - Answer d. hepatitis The arrow labeled D is pointing to what lobe of the liver? a. medial segment of left lobe b. lateral segment left lobe c. posterior segment right lobe d. anterior segment right lobe e. caudate lobe - Answer e. caudate lobe
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Terms)2024\2025 update.
A nonencapsulated collection of necrotic and edematous peripancreatic tissues is termed: a. phlegmon b. pseudocyst c. pseudoaneurysm d. ascites e. cystadenoma - Answer a. phlegmon Which of the following describes the anatomic course of the gastroduodenal artery (GDA)? a. caudal course, anterior to the pancreatic head b. caudal course, posterior to the pancreatic head c. cranial course, anterior to the duodenum and medial to the pancreatic neck d. cranial course, posterior ro the pancreatic head e. lateral course, cephalic to the pancreatic head - Answer a. caudal course, anterior to the pancreatic head The thin capsule surrounding the liver is known as:
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Terms)2024\2025 update.
a. Reidel's capsule b. Glisson's capsule c. Teres capsule d. Langerhan's capsule e. Wirsung's capsule - Answer b. Glisson's capsule Identify the anatomy labeled "C" a. aorta b. portal vein c. superior mesenteric vein d. inferior mesenteric vein e. Inferior vena cava - Answer e. Inferior vena cava A 49-year-old male presented with a clinical history of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. In the transverse image below, multiple hypoechoic structures are seen at the splenic hilum and between the kidney and spleen. What is the most likely etiology of these structures. a. multiple aneurysms of the splenic artery
verified solutions (
Terms)2024\2025 update.
(ALK phos can be elevated for a ton of things but if GGT is also elevated it means the ALK phos is raised by something in the liver) You are requested to perform an ultrasound evaluation of the gallbladder and biliary tree on an elderly female with a small frame. Which of the following transduceres is most suited to this task? a. 2.5 MHz phased array b. 5.0 MHz curved linear array c. 3.5 MFz linear array d. 10 MHz curved linear array e. 13 MHz linear array - Answer b. 5.0 MHz curved linear array A patient is referred for gallbladder ultrasound with a history of RUQ pain and nausea. You suspect presence of a stone in the region of the gallbladder neck, but are not sure. Which of the following would be helpful in confirming the presence of a stone? a. roll the patient into a left lateral decubitus position b. have the patient perform a valsalva maneuver c. place the patient in a trendelenburg position
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Terms)2024\2025 update.
d. increase the system dynamic range e. increase the system overall gain - Answer a. roll the patient into a left lateral decubitus position This view is useful in the evaluation of what abnormality? a. renal artery stenosis b. multiple renal arteries c. aortic aneurysm d. IVC thrombosis e. all of the above - Answer e. all of the above Which of the following course interlobar and intersegmental within the liver? a. bile ducts b. portal veins c. hepatic arteries d. lymphatics e. hepatic veins - Answer e. hepatic veins
verified solutions (
Terms)2024\2025 update.
e. perform spectral doppler resistive indices from vessels within the mass - Answer a. scan the patient in both deep inspiration and expiration (the adrenal glands are fixed in position, so with deep inspiration the kidney moves downward but the adrenal wouldn't) Ultrasound findings in a patient with hypertension include a left kidney measuring 6.8 cm and a right kidney measuring 11.7 cm. Which of the following is most consistant with these findings? a. acute pyelonephritis in the left kidney b. acute glomerulonephritis in the right kidney c. occlusion of the left main renal artery d. amyloidosis of the right kidney e. none of the above - Answer c. occlusion of the left main renal artery During color doppler evaluation of the kidney, you observe inadequate fill of the intrarenal vasculature. Which doppler parameter will you adjust to improve sensitivity to flow? a. decrease pulse repetition frequency b. increase wall filter
verified solutions (
Terms)2024\2025 update.
c. decrease packet size d. decreae color gain e. decrease color resolution setting - Answer a. decrease pulse repetition frequency A patient is referred with RUQ tenderness and a history of oral contraceptive use. A solid, hypoechoic mass is identifies in the right lobe of the liver. Color doppler reveals hypervascularity of the mass. Which of the following scenarios is most likely? a. hydatid liver disease b. hepatic lipoma c. hepatic abscess d. hepatic adenoma e. hepatocellular carcinoma - Answer d. hepatic adenoma You are performing an ultrasound examination on a patient with acute cholecystitis. Complications of acute cholecystitis that you should look for include all of the following EXCEPT: a. pancreatitis
verified solutions (
Terms)2024\2025 update.
c. pseudocyst d. metastasis e. infarction - Answer d. metastasis You have been requested to perform a gallbladder ultrasound to rule out cholelithiasis. What is cholelithiasis? a. gallbladder carcinoma b. gallstones c. gallbladder polyps d. adenomyosis e. gallbladder wall thickening - Answer b. gallstones The left renal artery is normally located immediately posterior to which of the following? a. left renal vein b. portal vein c. common hepatic artery d. splenic artery
verified solutions (
Terms)2024\2025 update.
e. none of the above - Answer a. left renal vein What is the indication for a Doppler renal study to rule out renal artery stenosis? a. hematuria b. increased serum creatinine c. leukocytosis and fever d. uncontrolled hypertension e. anemia, progressive azotemia and polyuria - Answer d. uncontrolled hypertension Which of the following is NOT a feature you would detect in a spenic cyst? a. smooth border b. posterior acoustic enhancement c. anechoic d. increased attenuation e. rounded shape - Answer d. increased attenuation
verified solutions (
Terms)2024\2025 update.
A 38-year-old female has been referred for a Doppler study of the liver with a history of ETOH abuse and cirrhosis. What vascular condition is associated with this history? a. mesenteric ischemia b. portal hypertension c. hepatic artery fibromuscular dysplasia d. splenic artery pseudoaneurysm e. Budd-chiari syndrome - Answer b. portal hypertension (most common cause of portal hypertension is cirrhosis from alcohol abuse) This transverse image was obtained in the mid abdomen of a 57- year-old male with lower back pain. Which of the following correctly describes the sonographic findings? a. leaking abdominal aortic aneurysm with hematoma b. abdominal aortic aneurysm and para-aortic lymphadenopathy c. inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm d. abdominal aortic aneurysm and horseshoe kidneys
verified solutions (
Terms)2024\2025 update.
e. abdominal aortic aneurysm with retroperitoneal fibrosis - Answer d. abdominal aortic aneurysm and horseshoe kidneys What is the sonographic appearance of tumefactive sludge within the gallbladder? a. an echogenic mass with prominent color doppler signals b. a mass with low-level echoes with prominent color doppler signals c. a mass containing ringdown artifacts and no color doppler signals d. an avascular mass with low-level echoes e. an adherent, echogenic mass with weak color doppler signals - Answer d. an avascular mass with low-level echoes You are scanning a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding this disease? a. liver cysts may be present in up to 30% of patients b. high blood pressure is common c. cysts may be complicated by bleeding or infection d. frequently only one kidney is involved
