Aberration Theory
Geunyoung Yoon, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Ophthalmology
Center for Visual Science
University of Rochester
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Aberration Theory - Digital Image Processing - Lecture Notes | CSCE 763, Study notes of Computer Science
Material Type: Notes; Class: DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING; Subject: Computer Science & Engineering; University: University of South Carolina - Columbia; Term: Unknown 1989;
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Aberration Theory
Geunyoung Yoon, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Ophthalmology
Center for Visual ScienceUniversity of Rochester
Optics
Quantum OpticsCoherent OpticsDiffractive Optics(Fourier Optics)Geometrical Optics(Aberration theory)Paraxial Optics(First Order Optics)(Gaussian Optics)
Outline
What Is Wavefront?
Huygens
’ s principle, Snell
’ s law, Fermat
’ s principle
Paraxial (first order) approximation
What Kind Of Wavefront Aberrations Are There?
Monochromatic aberration (Seidel and wave aberrations)Chromatic aberration (Longitudinal, Transverse)
Why Are These Aberrations Important?
Relationship between aberrations and image quality(Pupil function, PSF, MTF, Image convolution
How Can We Measure These Aberrations Of The Eye?
Different types of wavefront sensors
Outline
What Is Wavefront?
Huygens
’ s principle, Snell
’ s law, Fermat
’ s principle
Paraxial (first order) approximation
What Kind Of Wavefront Aberrations Are There?
Monochromatic aberration (Seidel and wave aberrations)Chromatic aberration (Longitudinal, Transverse)
Why Are These Aberrations Important?
Relationship between aberrations and image quality(Pupil function, PSF, MTF, Image convolution
How Can We Measure These Aberrations Of The Eye?
Different types of wavefront sensors
What Is Wavefront?
Huygens’s principle
Snell’s law Fermat’s principle
Paraxial (first order) approximation
Wavefront vs Ray
“A wavefront is a surface over which an optical disturbance has a constant phase.”
Harmonic wave function
)
sin( ), (^
t
kx A t x
ψ^
−
=
Phase
Plane wavefront
Spherical wavefront
x^ x
x x
t=
t
Huygens’s Principle
“Every point on a primary wavefront serves as the source of spherical secondarywavelets, such that the primary wavefront at some later time is the envelope ofthese wavelets.”
Primaryspherical wavefront
Secondaryspherical wavefront
Snell’s law
Fast medium(smaller refractive index, n
)i^
Slow medium(larger refractive index, n
)t
θi
θ θt r normal
)
sin(
)
sin(
t i
ni nt
θ^ θ
=
Reflection:Refraction:
θ=i^
θr
θ>i^
θt^
when n
<^ i^
n^ t
=^
sin
7 5 3
θ θ θ θ θ
n^1
θ n^2
S
P
so^
si
p^ o^
p^ i R
R
n n
n s
n s
i
o
1 2
2
1
−
=
i i
o o
R p s R n
R p s Rn
θ
θ^
sin)
(
sin)
(^
2
1
−
=
θ θ ≈ sin
Approximation
Paraxial Optics (First order optics)
Lens maker’s formula
Paraxial Optics (First order optics)
n^1
n^2
S^
P
“The emerging wavefront segment corresponding to these paraxial rays isessentially spherical and will form a ”perfect” image at its center P.”
What Kinds Of Wavefront Aberrations
Are There?
Monochromatic aberration(Seidel and wave aberrations)
Chromatic aberration (Longitudinal, Transverse)
Monochromatic aberrations (Seidel aberrations)
Spherical Aberration Coma Astigmatism Field Curvature Distortion
Spherical Aberration Coma Astigmatism Field Curvature Distortion
Monochromatic aberrations (Seidel aberrations)
Monochromatic aberrations (Seidel aberrations)