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Abnormal Psych Chapters 1-
abnormal psych - โ
the scientific study of abnormal behavior in an effort to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning norms - โ
a society's stated and unstated rules for proper conduct culture - โ
a people's common history, values, institutions, habits, skills, technology, and arts. treatment - โ
a systematic procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into more natural behavior, also called therapy trephination - โ
an ancient operation in which a stone instrument was used to cut away a circular section of the skull perhaps to treat abnormal behavior humors - โ
according to the greeks and romans, bodily chemicals that influenced mental and physical functioning asylum - โ
a type of institution that first became popular in the 16th century to provide care for persons with mental disorders, most became virtual prisons moral treatment - โ
a 19th century approach to treating people with metal dysfunction that emphasized moral guidance and humane and respectful treatment state hospitals - โ
state-run public mental institutions in the united states somatogenic perspective - โ
the view that abnormal psych functioning has physical causes psychogenic perspective - โ
the view that chief causes of abnormal psych functioning are psychological psychoanalysis - โ
either r the theory of the treatment of abnormal mental functioning that emphasizes unconscious psychological forces as the cause of psychopathology psychotropic medications - โ
drugs that mainly affect the brain and reduce many symptoms of mental dysfunction
deinsititutionalization - โ
the practice begun in the 1960s of releasing hundred of thousands of patients from public mental hosptials private psychotherapy - โ
an arrangement in which a person directly pays a therapist for counseling services prevention - โ
interventions aimed at deterring mental disorders before they develop positive psych - โ
the study and enhancement of positive feeling, traits, and abilities multicultural psych - โ
the field of psychology that examines the impact of culture, race, ethnicity, gender and similar factors on our behaviors and thoughts including abnormal behaviors and thoughts managed care program - โ
a system of health care coverage in which the insurance company largely controls the nature scope and cost of medical or psychological services scientific method - โ
the process of systematically gathering and evaluating info thought careful observations to gain an understanding of a phenomenon case study - โ
a detailed account of a person's life and psychological problems correlation - โ
the degree to which agents or characteristics vary along with each other correlation method - โ
a research procedure used to determine how much events or characteristics vary along with each other epidemiological study - โ
a study that measures the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a given population longitudinal study - โ
a study that observes the same participants on many occasions over a long period of time experiment - โ
a research procedure in which a variable is manipulated and the effect of the manipulation is observed independent variable - โ
the variable in and experiment that is manipulated to determine whether it has an effect on another variable dependent variable -
โ
a chemical that released by one neuron, crosses the synaptic space to be received at receptors on the dendrite of neighboring neurons receptors - โ
a site on a neuron that receives a neurotransmitter hormones - โ
the chemicals released by endocrine glands into the bloodstream genes - โ
chromosome segments that control the characteristics and traits we inherit electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) - โ
biological treatment, used primarily on depressed patients in which a brain seizure is triggered as an electric current passes through electrodes attached to the patients forehead psychosurgery - โ
brain sugary for mental disorders, neurosurgery id - โ
according to freud, the psychological force that produces instintual needs, drives, and impulses ego - โ
the psychological force that employs reason and operates in accordance with the reality principal ego defense mechanism - โ
strategies developed by the ego to control unacceptable id impulses and to avoid or reduce the anxiety they arouse superego - โ
the psychological force that represents a person's values and ideals fixation - โ
a condition in which the id, ego, and superego do not mature properly and are frozen at an early stage development free association - โ
a psychodynamic technique in which the patient describes any thought, feeling, or image that comes to mind, even if it seems unimportant resistance - โ
an unconscious refusal to participate in therapy transference - โ
the redirection toward the psychotherapist of feelings associated with important figures in a patient's life, now or in the past dream -
โ
a series of ideas and images that form during sleep catharsis - โ
the reliving of past repressed feeling in order to settle internal conflicts and overcome problems conditioning - โ
a simple form of learning operant conditioning - โ
a process of learning in which behavior that leases ti satisfying consequences is likely to be repeated modeling - โ
a process of learning in which an individual acquires responses by observing and imitating others classical conditioning - โ
a process of learning by temporal association in which two events that repeatedly occur close together in time become fused in a person's mind and produce the same response systematic desensitization - โ
a behavioral treatment in which clients with phobias learn to react calmly instead of with intense fear to the objects or situations they dread cognitive therapy - โ
a therapy developed by Aaron Beck that helps people recognize and change their faculty thinking processes self-actualization - โ
the humanistic process by which people fulfill their potential for goodness and growth client-centered therapy - โ
humanistic developed by carl rodgers, clinicians try to help clients by conveying acceptance, accurate empathy, and genuineness gestalt therapy - โ
the humanistic therapy by fritz perls in which clinicians actively move clients toward self-recognition and self-acceptance by using techniques such as role playing and self-discovery exercises existential therapy - โ
a therapy that encourages clients to accept responsibility for their lives and to live with greater meaning and value family systems theory - โ
a theory that views family as a system of interacting parts whose interactions exhibit consistent patterns and undated rules group therapy -
projective test - โ
a test consisting of ambiguous material that people interpret or respond to personality inventory - โ
a test designed to measure broad personality characteristics consisting of statements about behaviors, beliefs, and feelings that people evaluate as either characteristic or uncharacteristic of them response inventories - โ
tests designed to measure a person's responses in one specific area of functioning, such as an affect, social skills or cognitive processes psychological test - โ
a test that measures physical responses as possible indicators of psych problems neurological test - โ
a test that directly measures a brain structure or activity neuroimaging techniques - โ
neurological test that provide images of brain structure or activity such as CT scans, PET scans, and MRIs, brain scans neuropsychological test - โ
a test that detects brain impairment by measuring a person's cognitive, perceptual, and motor performances intelligence test - โ
a test designed to measure a person's intellectual ability intelligence quotient IQ - โ
an overall score derived from intelligence tests diagnosis - โ
a determination that a person's problems reflect a particular disorder syndrome - โ
a cluster of symptoms that usually occur together classification system - โ
a list of disorders, along with descriptions of symptoms and guidelines for making appropriate diagnosis DSM-5 - โ
the current edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders empirically supported treatment - โ
a movement in the clinician field that seeks to id which therapies have received clear research support for each disorder, to develop corresponding treatment guidelines, and to spread such into to clinicians, known as evidence based treatment
rapprochement movement - โ
an effort to id a set of common strategies that run through the work of all effective therapists psychparmacologists - โ
a psychiatrist who primarily prescribes medications fear - โ
the CNS's physiological and emotional response to a serious threat to one's well being anxiety - โ
the CNS's physiological and emotional response to a vague sense of threat or danger generalized anxiety disorder - โ
a disorder minted by persistent and excessive feeling of anxiety and worry about numerous events and activities basic irrational assumption - โ
the inaccurate and inappropriate beliefs held by people with various psychological problems, according to Albert Ellis rational-emotive therapy - โ
a cognitive therapy developed by Albert Ellis that helped clients id and change the irrational assumptions and thinking that cause their psychological disorder family pedigree study - โ
a research design in which investigators determine how many and which relatives of a person with a disorder have the same disorder benzodiazepines - โ
the most common group of anxiety drugs, which includes valium and Xanax GABA - โ
the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid whose low activity has been linked to generalized anxiety disorder sedative-hypnotic drugs - โ
drugs that calm people at lower doses and help them to fall asleep with high doses relaxation training - โ
a treatment procedure that teaches clients to relax at will so they can calm themselves in stressful situations biofeedback - โ
a technique in which a client is given info about physiological retains as they occur and learns to control the reactions voluntarily electromyograph EMG - โ
a device that provides feedback about the level of muscular tensions in the body
anxiety sensitivity - โ
a tendency to focus on one's bodily sensations, assess them illogically and interpret them as harmful exposure and response prevention - โ
a behavioral treatment for OCD that exposes a client to anxiety-arousing thoughts or situations and then prevents the client from performing his or her compulsive acts, exposure and ritual prevention neutralizing - โ
a person's attempt to eliminate unwanted thoughts by thinking or behaving in ways that put matters right internally, making up for the unacceptable thought serotonin - โ
a neurotransmitter whose abnormal activity in linked to depression, OCD, and eating disorders orbitofrontal cortex - โ
a region of the brain in which impulses involving excretion, sexuality, violence, and other primitive activities normally arise caudate nuclei - โ
structures in the brain within the region known as the basal ganglia, that help convert sensory info into thoughts and actions OCD related disorders - โ
a group of disorders in which obsessive-like concerns drive people to repeatedly and excessively perform specific patterns of behavior that greatly disrupt their lives body dysmorphic disorder - โ
a disorder in which individuals become preoccupied with the belief that they have certain defects or flaws in their physical appearance. The perceived defects or flaws are imaged and greatly exaggerated parasympathetic nervous system - โ
the never fibers of the autonomic nervous system that help return bodily processes to normal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal HPA pathways - โ
one route by which the brain and body produce arousal and fear corticosteroids - โ
a group of hormones including cortisol, released by the adrenal glands at times of stress acute stress disorder - โ
an anxiety disorder in which fear and related symptoms are experienced soon after a traumatic event and last less than a month PTSD -
โ
an anxiety disorder in which fear and related symptoms continue to be experienced long after a traumatic experience rape - โ
forced sexual intercourse or another sexual act committed against a non consenting person or sexual intercourse with an underage person torture - โ
the use of brutal, degrading, and disorienting strategies to reduce victims to a state of utter helplessness eye movement desensitization and reprocessing EDMR - โ
an exposure treatment in which clients move their eyes in a rhythmic manner from side to side while flooding their minds with images and objects and situations they originally avoid rap group - โ
a group that meets to talk about and explore members' problems in an atmosphere of mutual support psychological debriefing - โ
a form of crisis intervention in which victims are helped to talk about their feelings and reactions to traumatic incidents, critical incident street debriefing dissociative disorder - โ
a group of disorders in which some parts of one's memory or id seem to be dissociated or separated from other parts of one's memory or id memory - โ
the faculty for recalling past events and past learning dissociative amnesia - โ
marked by an inability to recall important personal events and info dissociative id disorder - โ
a disorder in which a person develops two or more district personalities, multiple personality disorder sub personality - โ
the two or more distinct personalities found in individuals, alternate personalties state-dependent learning - โ
learning that becomes associated with the conditions under which it occurred, so that it is best remembered under the same conditions self-hypnosis - โ
process of hypnotizing oneself, sometimes for the purpose of forgetting unpleasant events hypnotic therapy -
