Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
An overview of abnormal psychology, discussing various concepts such as psychological disorders, their causes, treatments, and classifications. It delves into the dsm, abnormal behavior, phobias, and psychological dysfunction. The text also covers clinical description, prevalence, incidence, chronic and episodic courses, time-limited and acute onset, insidious onset, mass hysteria, and emotion contagion. The document further explores historical theories like humoral theory, moral therapy, and asylums, and introduces key figures like galen, emil kraepelin, sigmund freud, and john b. Watson. Lastly, it touches upon psychoanalysis, defense mechanisms, ego psychology, object relations, neuroses, classical and operant conditioning, and shaping.
Typology: Exams
1 / 14
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
(Dark Back Ground for better Visibility and eye Care) Psychological Disorder / Abnormal behavior - Answer: 1. a psychological dysfunction within an individual associated
Clinical description - Answer: represents the unique combination of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that make up a specific disorder. Clinical - Answer: refers to both types of problems and disorders that would be found in a clinic or hospital and to be the activities connected with assessment and treatment Prevalence - Answer: how many people in the population as a whole have the disorder Incidence - Answer: rate of occurrence; particular occurrence; Ex. high incidence of infant mortality Chronic course - Answer: Generally a long-term disorder, such as schizophrenia Episodic course - Answer: disorder that may end after a few months only to reoccur at a later time Time-limited course - Answer: The disorder will improve without treatment in a relatively short period Acute onset - Answer: disorder begins suddenly
Insidious onset - Answer: Development of a disorder that occurs gradually over an extended period (contrast with acute onset). Prognosis - Answer: a prediction of the course of a disease Developmental psychology - Answer: the study of changes that occur as an individual matures Developmental psychopathology - Answer: Study of changes in abnormal behavior that occur over time. Etiology - Answer: the study of origins, has to do with why a disorder begins and includes biological, psychological and social dimensions Supernatural model - Answer: Explanation of human behavior and its dysfunction that posits important roles for spirits, demons, grace, sin, and so on. Exorcism - Answer: the public and authoritative act of the Church to protect or liberate a person, place, or object from the power of the devil (demonic possession) in the name of Christ. Saint Vitus's Dance (aka tarantism or rave) - Answer: Instance of mass hysteria in which groups of people experienced a simultaneous compulsion to dance and shout in the streets.
Melancholic - Answer: characterized by or causing or expressing sadness Somatoform disorders - Answer: A class of psychological disorders involving physical ailments with no authentic organic basis that are due to psychological factors. psychosis - Answer: any severe mental disorder in which contact with reality is lost or highly distorted delusions - Answer: false beliefs that are maintained even though they clearly are out of touch with reality hallucinations - Answer: false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus John P. Grey - Answer: Psychiatrist who believed that the causes of insanity were always physical Insulin shock therapy - Answer: Dangerous biological treatment involving the administration of large doses of insulin to induce seizures. electroconvulsive therapy - Answer: a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient
reserpine - Answer: the first monoamine antagonist to be used in the treatment of schizophrenia; the active ingredient of the snakeroot plant neuroleptics - Answer: Drugs that alleviate the symptoms of severe disorders such as schizophrenia. benzodiazapine - Answer: Xanax (alprazolam), Librium (chlordiazepoxide), Valium (diazepam), Ativan (lorazepam), Versed (midazolam), Restoril (temazepam) Emil Kraepelin - Answer: German psychiatrist responsible for creating the first truly comprehensive classification system of psychological disorders psychosocial treatment - Answer: Treatment practices that focus on social and cultural factors (such as family experience), as well as psychological influences. These approaches include cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal methods. moral therapy - Answer: philosophy of treatment that emphasized treating mentally ill people with compassion and understanding, rather than shackling them in chains asylums - Answer: facilities for treating the mentally ill in Europe during the Middle Ages and into the 19th century.
behaviorism - Answer: an approach to psychology that emphasizes observable measurable behavior animal magnetism - Answer: A term coined by F.A. Mesmer to refer to a putative force or fluid capable of being transmitted from one person to another, producing healing effects. See also Mesmerism. unconscious - Answer: that part of the mind wherein psychic activity takes place of which the person is unaware. ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE HISTORY OF PSYCHOTHERAPY Catharsis - Answer: (psychoanalysis) purging of emotional tensions. SECOND MOST IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENT psychoanalytic model - Answer: Complex and comprehensive theory originally advanced by Sigmund Freud that seeks to account for the development and structure of personality, as well as the origin of abnormal behavior, based primarily on inferred inner entities and forces. Psychoanalytic theory - Answer: 1. the structure of the mind and the distinct functions of personality that sometimes clash with one another
intrapsychic conflicts - Answer: inner mental struggles resulting from the interplay of the id, ego, and superego when the three subsystems are striving for different goals defense mechanisms - Answer: in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality displacement - Answer: (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that transfers affect or reaction from the original object to some more acceptable one sublimation - Answer: (psychology) modifying the natural expression of an impulse or instinct (especially a sexual one) to one that is socially acceptable denial - Answer: (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that denies painful thoughts displacement - Answer: (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that transfers affect or reaction from the original object to some more acceptable one projection - Answer: (psychiatry) a defense mechanism by which your own traits and emotions are attributed to someone else rationalization - Answer: (psychiatry) a defense mechanism by which your true motivation is concealed by explaining your actions and feelings in a way that is not threatening
extinction - Answer: a conditioning process in which the reinforcer is removed and a conditioned response becomes independent of the conditioned stimulus introspection - Answer: a method of self-observation in which participants report their thoughts and feelings John B. Watson - Answer: behaviorism; emphasis on external behaviors of people and their reactions on a given situation; famous for Little Albert study in which baby was taught to fear a white rat Joseph Wolpe - Answer: Used classical conditioning theory in psychotherapy and introduced Systematic Desensitatization and concepts of reciprocal inhibition which he applied to reduce anxiety. In treatment he paired relaxation with an anxiety -provoking stimulus until the stimulus no longer produced anxiety. Behavior Therapy - Answer: Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors. B.F. Skinner - Answer: pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. he is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons and rats. Operant Conditioning - Answer: a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
Shaping - Answer: an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior
