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ABs SLP Praxis Set Questions And Solved
Solutions
Cranial nerves for swallowing - ANSWER>>- V Trigeminal
- VII Facial
- IX Glossopharyngeal
- X Vagus
- XII Hypoglossal
Cranial nerve that innervates the anterior 2/3 of tongue for taste - ANSWER>>CN VII - Facial
Result of LMN paralysis - ANSWER>>flaccid dysarthria
what age do infants begin to send intentional and purposeful messages via babbling and gesturing? - ANSWER>>10 months old
example of contractable auxiliary - ANSWER>>Daddy's -> 's
smallest unit of language that can change the meaning of words but does not have meaning on it's own - ANSWER>>phonology
stop - ANSWER>>manner of articulation that is made by complete vocal tract closure followed by a sudden release of constriction
lowest pure tone component of a sound is also called the sound's... - ANSWER>>fundamental frequency
the cranial nerves belong to which nervous system - ANSWER>>peripheral
Sally recently suffered a stroke. Her balance and coordination present as is she is drunk. Based on these symptoms, which type of stroke did she have - ANSWER>>cerebellar stroke
stuttering - ANSWER>>a disruption in the forward flow of speech, repetitions, prolongations, or blocks.
cluttering - ANSWER>>fluency disorder; irregular speaking rate, excessive normal disfluencies, and excessive repetitions both speech and language processing issue
treatment for stuttering in children 7+ - ANSWER>>management of symptoms
palilalia - ANSWER>>involuntary repetitions of words or phrases-contextually correct speech
Functional voice disorder - ANSWER>>voice disorder due to misuse or psychological factors
what type of voice disorder is muscle tension dysphonia - ANSWER>>misuse-functional
voice disorder due to structural changes or neurogenic damage/impairment - ANSWER>>organic
risk factors for stuttering - ANSWER>>genetic environmental abnormal phonation systems etc.
treatment for a teenager who can't keep up with peers due to stuttering. - ANSWER>>parent education strategies stuttering modification speech modification overall communication and speech therapy
the time between release of stop consonant and beginning of vowel (ex. p/b acoustically) - ANSWER>>voice onset time
what does the shaker maneuver do for swallowing - ANSWER>>improves UES opening
FEES - ANSWER>>can see before, during, or after the pharyngeal phase in superior view.
MBSS - ANSWER>>lateral view of oral, pharyngeal, and cervical esophageal phases.
how do you fail the yale water protocol - ANSWER>>failure to consume 3oz of water in consecutive swallows without signs of aspiration.
prevalence - ANSWER>>how widespread a disorder is in the current population (# of u=individuals with a specific disease or disorder at a given time)
insidence - ANSWER>>rate individuals develop disorder
Brown's Stage I 12 - 26 Months - ANSWER>>- about 50 words in vocabulary
- basic phrases with communicative intent
- ex: more juice, my doll
Brown's Stage II (27-30 months) - ANSWER>>Present Progressive -ing "in" "On" Regular plural -s
Brown's Stage III (31-34 months) - ANSWER>>irregular past tense possessive 's uncontactable copula (he IS sick)
Brown's Stage IV (35-40 months) - ANSWER>>Articles (the, a) Regular Past Tense (walked, screamed) Regular Third Person Singular (walks)
Brown's Stage V 41-46+ months - ANSWER>>third person irregular uncontractable auxiliary (he WAS jumping) contractable copula (she's happy) contractable auxiliary (she's dancing)
how many morphemes is in "the greatest soccer team scored three extra points" - ANSWER>>
mlu - ANSWER>>total # of morphemes/total # of utterances
2 instrinsic muscles that help with functioning of the larynx - ANSWER>>
muscles involved in hyolaryngeal excursion - ANSWER>>suprahyoid,
What is cluttering? - ANSWER>>Developmental language disorder characterized by...
rapid, unclear, disorganized speech. Omitting syllables, compressed syllables, spoonerisms. Excessive breaks in normal flow, talking too fast.
What is Stuttering? - ANSWER>>a speech disorder characterized by: repetitions, prolongations, or blocks
Factors contributing to those who are more likely to continue stuttering - ANSWER>>Males Time of onset: age 3.5 > Family recovery patterns
T/F: SES is a risk factor of those who stutter - ANSWER>>F: the only risk factor is genetic
What is palilalia? - ANSWER>>Complex phonic tic in which: -One repeats one's own words
- Compulsive, automatic repetition of sounds, words, or phrases. Motor disorder Occurs in various disorders (Parkinson's, Alzheimer's..)
A person stutters more... - ANSWER>>- at the beginning of a phrase -on more grammatically complex utterances -on content/function words -in typical listening conditions
Window of onset for stuttering - ANSWER>>pre-school/early school age (2.5-4yrs)
Neurogenic Stuttering - ANSWER>>Caused by a head injury or a stroke (nervous system damage) Disfluencies on function words and in imitated speech, lack of adaptation, and minimal or no effect of masking noise
Psychogenic Stuttering - ANSWER>>stuttering resulting from psychological trauma. Symptoms arise while a person is coping with mental illness
secondary behaviors of stuttering - ANSWER>>Eye blinking, head nods, facial grimacing or tension, exaggerated movements of head/shoulders/arms, interjected speech fragments
-vocal hygiene -phonosurgery - not often necessary
What happens during a Paradoxical Vocal Fold Dysfunction (PVFD) event? - ANSWER>>inspiratory adduction of the anterior 2/3 of the VF occurs with a posterior glottal gap
Other than SLP, who would be involved in the interdisciplinary team for PVFD (Paradoxical Vocal Fold Dysfunction)? - ANSWER>>GI, Otolaryngologist(ENT), Allergist, pulmonologist, neuro
Treatment for Muscular Tension Dysphonia - ANSWER>>Resonant voice therapy** Laryngeal relaxation techniques Accent method Semi-occluded Vocal Tract Exercise
Cranial Nerves for oropharyngeal swallowing: - ANSWER>>V Trigeminal VII Facial IX Glossopharyngeal
Swallow strategy for UES opening - ANSWER>>Shaker
Swallow strategy for base of tongue (BOT) retraction - ANSWER>>Masako
Swallow strategy for pharyngeal wall - ANSWER>>Masako & Effortful Swallow
Muscle for hyolaryngeal elevation - ANSWER>>Suprahyoid - anterior digastric muscle
How to fail YALE swallow protocol (multiple ANSWER) - ANSWER>>If patient paused while drinking the 3 ounces AND/OR coughed or choked during or immediately after completion
Contraindications for chin tuck swallow strategy: - ANSWER>>don't use chin tuck for aspiration at the level of the pyriform sinus
When is it appropriate to use head turn: - ANSWER>>towards the WEAK side to direct the bolus to the strong side of the throat
When is it appropriate to use head tilt: - ANSWER>>on the STRONG side to keep food on the chewing surface
Masako Maneuver - ANSWER>>an exercise for swallowing rehabilitation to improve the function of pharynx constriction by strengthening muscle strength of the tongue base, has been reported to improve swallowing by helping the coordination of the larynx and the hyoid bone and improving the constriction of the pharynx
Supraglottic swallow - ANSWER>>For: INADEQUATE LARYNGEAL CLOSURE Patient holds breath and coughs immediately following a swallow to close VFs before and during swallow. Used when there is reduced airway protection (at the vocal fold level); Aspiration DURING the swallow
Mendelsohn maneuver - ANSWER>>For: INADEQUATE LARYNGEAL ELEVATION during swallow Patient swallows and attempts to hold larynx in a raised position
Anatomical characteristics question - ANSWER>>Delayed onset of pharyngeal
hallmark characteristics of Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) - ANSWER>>groping inconsistent errors abnormal prosody
Assessment for Apraxia of Speech (AOS) - ANSWER>>diadochokinetic exercises
Phonological Awareness - ANSWER>>the ability to recognize and manipulate the spoken parts of sentences and words identifying words that rhyme, recognizing alliteration, segmenting a sentence
Phonemic Awareness - ANSWER>>the ability to notice, think about, and work with the individual sounds in spoken words Blending sounds into words, segmenting words into sounds, deleting and playing with the sounds in spoken words
Print Awareness - ANSWER>>understanding that print (written language) has different functions depending on the context in which it appears. Ex: Menus list food choices, a book tells a story, a sign can announce a favorite restaurant or a warn of danger
Morphological Awareness - ANSWER>>understanding of how words can be broken into smaller units of meaning such as roots, suffixes, and prefixes. Ex:
When a voiceless consonant in the beginning of a word like /k/ or /f/ is substituted with a voiced consonant like /g/ or /v/
Coalescence** On exam - ANSWER>>Phonological Process: Assimilation two phonemes are substituted with a different phoneme (one) that has similar features
What phonological process is used: "foon" for "spoon" - ANSWER>>Coalescence
Phonological Processes: Syllable Structure - ANSWER>>sound changes that affect the syllable structure of a word
Cluster reduction - ANSWER>>Phonological Process: Syllable Structure consonant cluster to singleton
Weak syllable deletion - ANSWER>>Phonological Process: Syllable Structure weak syllable in the word is omitted
Epenthesis - ANSWER>>Phonological Process: Syllable Structure sound is added between two consonants
Final consonant deletion - ANSWER>>Phonological Process: Syllable Structure final consonant is left off
Initial consonant deletion - ANSWER>>Phonological Process: Syllable Structure initial consonant is left off
Metathesis** on exam - ANSWER>>Phonological Process: Syllable Structure two consonants within a syllable are reordered
Phonological process for: food is /do/, stop is /to/, door is /do/ - ANSWER>>Metathesis
8-month-old who only knows 20 words... - ANSWER>>On target for age. Talk to child to emerge language development
emergent literacy skills (put in order) - ANSWER>>(1) listening, (2) speaking, (3) memory, (4) recognizing pattern and rhyme, (5) print awareness, (6) critical thinking, and (7) the development of fine motor skills necessary for writing
Building vocabulary Rhyming Matching letters to sounds (decoding) Story comprehension Making inferences
Development of pre-linguistic skills: Birth to 3 months - ANSWER>>startle response, attend to sounds, smile, cries for help, vowels (cooing)
What phonological process would be targeted first? - ANSWER>>stopping
Development of pre-linguistic skills: 4-6 months - ANSWER>>reaching, raspberries, responds to name, varies volume, pitch, babbling
Development of pre-linguistic skills: 7-9 months - ANSWER>>understands no, uses gestures, sound combinations, variegated babbling
Development of pre-linguistic skills: 10-12 months - ANSWER>>understands 10 words, 1 step directions, first word, object permanence
Development of pre-linguistic skills: 12-20 months - ANSWER>>jargon is accepted
Brown's Morphemes: Stage 1 - ANSWER>>1-2 years: 50 words in vocabulary, using basic phrases
Brown's morphemes focuses on: - ANSWER>>sentence complexity
MLU - ANSWER>>Total of morphemes divided by # of utterances
Clinician-Directed - ANSWER>>the clinician controls all aspects of the intervention: drill, drill play, modeling
Nasometric Air emission speech assessment
Submucous Cleft Bifid Uvula Posterior hard palate notch - ANSWER>>80% do not need surgery Often diagnosed later Causes VPI Results from lack of normal fusion of muscles in soft palate in utero Tissue, called mucous membrane, covers the cleft palate. Pink tissue that may not be seen
Which muscle opposes interarytenoids? - ANSWER>>Posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA)
Muscles used to protrude tongue - ANSWER>>Genioglossus
Muscles used to flatten dorsum tongue: - ANSWER>>Intrinsic: vertical lingual Extrinsic: hyoglossus
Cranial Nerve that innervates anterior 2/3 tongue for taste: - ANSWER>>VII Facial Nerve
LMN Paralysis dysarthria - ANSWER>>Flaccid Dysarthria: (facial weakness, tongue fasciculations, imprecise AMR, hypernasality)
Intrinsic tongue muscles are responsible for: - ANSWER>>shape of tongue
Extrinsic tongue muscles are responsible for: - ANSWER>>position of the tongue in the oral cavity
Tongue muscles: Intrinsic: Superior longitudinal muscles - ANSWER>>elevate and retract tongue
Tongue muscles: Intrinsic: Inferior longitudinal muscles - ANSWER>>Bunches and narrows the tongue
Tongue muscles: Extrinsic: Genioglossus - ANSWER>>Prime mover of the tongue Tongue protrusion (posterior) Retract (anterior)
Tongue muscles: Extrinsic: Hyoglossus - ANSWER>>pulls sides of tongue down
Tongue muscles: Extrinsic: Styloglossus - ANSWER>>draws tongue back and up
Extrinsic laryngeal muscles - ANSWER>>responsible for elevating and lowering the larynx in the neck during respiration, phonation, and swallowing
Intrinsic laryngeal muscles - ANSWER>>abduction, adduction, tension on VF
Laryngeal muscles: Extrinsic: Digastric - ANSWER>>Elevator muscle Anterior belly pulls hyoid up and forward Posterior belly pulls hyoid up and back
Laryngeal muscles: Extrinsic: Stylohyoid - ANSWER>>Elevator muscle moves hyoid back
Laryngeal muscles: Extrinsic: Mylohyoid - ANSWER>>Elevator muscle raises hyoid and lowers mandible
Laryngeal muscles: Extrinsic: Geniohyoid - ANSWER>>Elevator muscle raises hyoid and lowers tongue
Laryngeal muscles: Extrinsic: Sternohyoid - ANSWER>>Depressor muscle Lowers hyoid
Laryngeal muscles: Extrinsic: Sternothyroid - ANSWER>>Depressor muscle lowers thyroid cartilage
Laryngeal muscles: Extrinsic: Omohyoid - ANSWER>>Depressor muscle lowers hyoid
Laryngeal muscles: Extrinsic: Thyrohyoid - ANSWER>>Depressor muscle lowers hyoid, raises larynx
Laryngeal muscles: Intrinsic: Thyroarytenoids - ANSWER>>Tenses and relaxes VF: shortens VF Function: adduction, antagonist to cricothyroid
Laryngeal muscles: Intrinsic: Lateral cricoarytenoids - ANSWER>>Adducts the VF
- assess evidence
- make clinical decision
why is a longitudinal study the gold standard? - ANSWER>>because it reduces biases to examine cause-effect relationships between intervention and outcomes
Prevalence of childhood apraxia of speech - ANSWER>>1-2 in 1,
Usher syndrome - ANSWER>>inherited syndrome resulting in deaf and blindness
Question about wanting to know students literacy skills after a standardized test - ANSWER>>predictive validity
Cookie bite audiogram pattern - ANSWER>>Mid-frequency Hearing Loss
2 questions on dementia tx - ANSWER>>Education, creating a schedule, modifying environment
infant directed speech characteristics - ANSWER>>- Higher pitch and wider range of pitches
- Longer pauses, and shorter phrases
- Often single-word utterances
- Slower
- More prototypical, prolonged vowel
What is word retrieval a deficit of? - ANSWER>>Info processing
Characteristic of late emergence - ANSWER>>Male
/k, g, ng/ - ANSWER>>velar sounds
Which is best to use for a family where father speakers little English (Hmung descent) ONE ANSWER - ANSWER>>Interpreter
What is appropriate of an interpreter in meeting with an SLP (check the boxes) ex. One of the scenarios was "eye contact must be directly between the speaking parties, not the interpreter) - ANSWER>>
Main cause of presbycusis - ANSWER>>Natural old age
Disorder most similar to CTE - ANSWER>>dementia (Alzheimer's)
Mom asks if it would have made a difference if she brought child in earlier - ANSWER>>Yes
What is needed for direct selection AAC use? - ANSWER>>
A question about indirect voice treatment - ANSWER>>vocal hygiene
question on have food going down the right side but residue in left vallecula - ANSWER>>head turn left
What to do if person feels like food is getting stuck in throat but VFSS is normal. Choices: FEES, modify diet, GI series - ANSWER>>GI series
Brown's morphemes: What is consistent? - ANSWER>>First words are usually an object or consistent word order
What word has an MLU of 2? - ANSWER>>swimming
A girl who didn't correctly ANSWER a single question from a screener; what would be the next steps? - ANSWER>>refer for full hearing eval
High Incidence vs. Low Incidence ANSWERs Hearing Disorder: Signf Impairment: Mild Cog Impairment: Speech Sound Disorders: - ANSWER>>High Incidence vs. Low Incidence ANSWERs Hearing Disorder: low incidence Signf Impairment: low incidence Mild Cog Impairment: high incidence Speech Sound Disorders: high incidence
Can down syndrome have SLI and developmental disability? - ANSWER>>Down syndrome can have both; and there is a difference between the two
IDEA required paperwork: are lesson plans or progress reports required - ANSWER>>only progress reports required
