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The concept of current assets and cash equivalents in accounting. It defines current assets and provides examples of assets that fall under this category. It also explains the concept of cash and cash equivalents, including their definition and examples of securities that fall under this category. Additionally, the document discusses notes receivable, accounts receivable, and inventories, which are all current assets. useful for students studying accounting or finance.
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Fundamentals of Accounting SW 1. CURRENT ASSETS ● cash and other assets that are expected to be converted to cash within a year. ● Current assets represent all the assets of a company that are expected to be conveniently sold, consumed, used, or exhausted through standard business operations with one year. Current assets appear on a company's balance sheet, one of the required financial statements that must be completed each year. CASH ● Cash is legal tender—currency or coins—that can be used to exchange goods, debt, or services. Sometimes it also includes the value of assets that can be easily converted into cash immediately, as reported by a company. CASH EQUIVALENTS ● Cash equivalents are investments securities that are meant for short-term investing; they have high credit quality and are highly liquid. ● Cash equivalents, also known as "cash and equivalents," are one of the three main asset classes in financial investing, along with stocks and bonds. These securities have a low-risk, low-return profile and include U.S. government Treasury bills, bank certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances, corporate commercial paper, and other money market instruments. NOTES RECEIVABLE ● The notes receivable is an account on the balance sheet usually under the current assets section if its life is less than a year. Specifically, a note receivable is a written promise to receive money at a future date. The money is usually made up of interest and principal. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE ● money owed to a company by its debtors. ● is the proceeds or payment which the company will receive from its customers who have purchased its goods & services on credit. INVENTORIES ● a complete list of items such as property, goods in stock, or the contents of a building.
● A prepaid expense is a type of asset on the balance sheet that results from a business making advanced payments for goods or services to be received in the future. Prepaid expenses are initially recorded as assets, but their value is expensed over time onto the income statement. Unlike conventional expenses, the business will receive something of value from the prepaid expense over the course of several accounting periods NON-CURRENT ASSETS ● Noncurrent assets are a company's long-term investments for which the full value will not be realized within the accounting year. Examples of noncurrent assets include investments in other companies, intellectual property (e.g. patents), and property, plant and equipment. PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT ● Property, plant, and equipment assets are also called fixed assets, which are long-term physical assets. Industries that are considered capital intensive have a significant amount of fixed assets, such as oil companies, auto manufacturers, and steel companies. ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION ● Accumulated depreciation is the cumulative depreciation of an asset up to a single point in its life. Accumulated depreciation is a contra asset account, meaning its natural balance is a credit that reduces the overall asset value. INTANGIBLE ASSETS ● An intangible asset is an asset that is not physical in nature. Goodwill, brand recognition and intellectual property, such as patents, trademarks, and copyrights, are all intangible assets. Intangible assets exist in opposition to tangible assets, which include land, vehicles, equipment, and inventory.