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PJM GENERATION DISPATCH EXAM FLASH
CARDS QUESTIONS WITH 100% COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS.
Which,of,the,following,statements,is,correct,concerning,PJM,assuming,frequency,control,of,the,restorati on,process? A),PJM,assumes,control,once,an,external,transmission,tie,has,been,established. B),Once,an,Area,Control,Error,can,be,calculated,,PJM,will,assume,control. C),Whenever,it,becomes,too,much,of,a,burden,for,any,one,Transmission,Owner,within,the,RTO D),Whenever,the,Transmission,Owners,within,the,RTO,agree,to,let,PJM,control,the,process.,,ANS,- ,C),Whenever,it,becomes,too,much,of,a,burden,for,any,one,Transmission,Owner,within,the,RTO During,black,start,restoration,,priority,access,to,cranking,power,should,be,given,to: A),Hot,units,that,can,return,to,service,immediately. B),Combustion,turbines,in,areas,where,the,initial,disturbance,occurred C)Units,with,black,start,capability D),Hydro,Units,,ANS,-,A),Hot,units,that,can,return,to,service,immediately. During,a,restoration,,if,you,are,presented,with,the,opportunity,to,re- connect,with,the,Eastern,Interconnection,,you,should: A)Not,pursue,this,opportunity,because,you,may,cause,the,Eastern,Interconnection,to,become,unstable. B),Pursue,this,opportunity,only,when,you,have,adequate,Dynamic,Reserves,on,your,system C),Pursue,this,opportunity,as,quickly,as,possible D),Pursue,this,opportunity,only,if,you,need,cranking,power,for,your,generating,unity,,ANS,- ,C),Pursue,this,opportunity,as,quickly,as,possible Complete,(Total,System),Blackouts,are,characterized,by,which,of,the,following?
1 ,-,Most,common,type,of,blackout 2 ,-,May,require,coordinating,multiple,islands 3 ,-,Likely,to,result,in,Transmission,overloads,or,other,issues 4 ,-,Affects,a,very,large,geographical,area,,and,many,customers 5 ,-,Most,commonly,caused,by,human,or,switching,errors A), 1 ,&, 3 B), 2 ,&, 4 C), 3 ,&, 5 D), 1 ,,ANS,-,B), 2 ,&, 4 The,first,step,in,a,system,restoration,would,be,to: A),Immediately,notify,the,media,of,the,event B),Restore,as,much,of,the,area,load,as,possible C),Restore,as,much,under-frequency,load,as,possible D),Verify,that,communication,is,functional,with,your,neighbors,,ANS,- ,D),Verify,that,communication,is,functional,with,your,neighbors Why,would,an,offsite,power,to,generating,facilities,be,a,priority,during,the,restoration,process? A),To,provide,safe,shutdown,power,for,the,units B),To,meet,FERC,requirements C),To,provide,adequate,lighting,for,the,plant,operators,to,attempt,a,restart D),To,prepare,and,expedite,the,return,of,the,unit,,ANS,- ,D),To,prepare,and,expedite,the,return,of,the,unit Factors,that,help,determine,the,sequence,of,restoration,of,off-line,generation,include,(Pick,2):
C),1,, 3 ,and, 4 D),2,, 3 ,and, 4 ,,ANS,-,B),1,, 2 ,and, 4 During,system,restoration,,the,two,categories,of,reserves,are: A),dynamic,and,secondary B),spinning,and,quick,start C),dynamic,and,spinning D),spinning,and,primary,,ANS,-,C),dynamic,and,spinning During,a,system,restoration,you,have,400MW,of,Steam,capacity,,350MW,of,CT,capacity,and,300MW,of, Hydro,capacity,restored.,Your,largest,contingency,is,a,200MW,Steam,Unit.,You,have,also,restored,150M W,of,under-frequency,load.,What,is,your,total,dynamic,reserve?,(Load,pick- up,factors,are,5%,for,steam,,15%,for,hydro,and,25%,for,CT) A),142.5MW B),152.5MW C),285MW D),292.5MW,,ANS,-,C),285MW What,is,the,most,critical,communication,path,when,restoring,large,load,blocks,early,in,a,system,restorat ion? A),Between,the,Generating,Unit,and,the,Transmission,Owner B),Between,PJM,and,the,generating,plant C),Between,the,Generator,Owner,(or,MOC),and,the,generating,unit D),Between,the,transmission,owner,and,the,MOC,,ANS,- ,A),Between,the,Generating,Unit,and,the,Transmission,Owner
Your,entire,system,has,blacked,out,due,to,an,event.,You,receive,word,from,PJM,that,the,entire,region,is ,affected,as,well.,Your,blackstart,generation,resources,are,spread,throughout,your,system,,which,cover, a,large,area.,Which,restoration,strategy,would,be,the,best,for,you,to,implement? A),Combination,approach B),Bottom-up,Core,Island,approach C),Top-down,approach D),Bottom-up,Multiple,Island,approach,,ANS,-,D),Bottom-up,multiple,island,approach During,a,system,restoration,,which,entity,directs,the,loading,of,generation,,to,match,the,load,restored? A),PJM B),The,Generating,Unit C),The,Transmission,Owner D),The,Generation,Owner,(or,MOC),,ANS,-,C),The,Transmission,Owner Your,entire,system,has,blacked,out,due,to,an,event.,You,receive,information,the,your,neighboring,syste ms,are,also,blacked,out.,Your,main,urban,load,center,restoration,strategy,would,be,the,best,for,you,to,i mplement? A),Combination,approach B),Bottom-up,Core,Island,approach C),Top-down,approach D),Bottom-up,Multiple,Island,approach,,ANS,-,B),Bottom-up,Core,Island,approach Select,the,statement,that,best,describes,why,Minimum,Source,Requirements,have,been,established: A),To,ensure,system,stability,prior,to,interconnecting,with,another,entity B),To,reduce,major,frequency,fluctuations,when,energizing,load C),To,prevent,or,reduce,the,effects,of,line,changing,when,energizing,EHV,transmission
- ,Have,the,ability,to,maintain,frequency,and,voltage,under,varying,load
- ,Must,be,tested,every, 3 ,years
- ,Must,be,able,to,run,for, 12 ,hours,,or,defined,by,the,TO,restoration,plan,,ANS,-,- Must,have,and,maintain,procedures,for,the,unit
- Have,the,ability,to,maintain,frequency,and,voltage,under,varying,load
- ,Must,be,tested,every, 3 ,years Which,of,the,following,statements,would,be,considered,an,implication,from,receiving,power,from,an,ou tside,entity? A),Equipment,Damage B),Isolation,of,the,unit,from,the,outside,entity C),Maximize,the,time,for,generator,restarts D),Unintentional,interconnection,between,the,two,areas,,ANS,- ,D),Unintentional,interconnection,between,the,two,areas Which,of,the,following,would,be,considered,pre- tie,preparations,when,interconnecting,islands?,(Select,2)
- ,Ensure,reliable,communications,are,available,for,all,entities,involved,in,the,interconnection,process
- ,Recalculation,of,reserves
- ,Identification,of,the,transmission,line,to,tie,areas,together
- ,Provide,updated,hydroelectric,capability,,ANS,-,- ,Ensure,reliable,communications,are,available,for,all,entities,involved,in,the,interconnection,process
- ,Identification,of,the,transmission,line,to,tie,areas,together If,a,change,in,the,capability,of,a,Black,Start,resource,affects,the,ability,of,a,generator,to,meet,the,Trans mission,Operator's,individual,restoration,plant,,the,Generation,Operator,shall,notify,the,Transmission,O perator,of,the,known,changes,within. A), 4 ,hours
B), 8 ,hours C), 16 ,hours D), 24 ,hours,,ANS,-,D), 24 ,hours During,a,restoration,process,,Generation,Owners,are,required,to,update,their,progress,by,submitting,a,r eport: A),On,an,hourly,basis B),Every,1/2,hour C),For,every,unit,returning,to,service D),As,conditions,on,the,system,change,,ANS,-,A),On,an,hourly,basis Concerning,PJM,requirements,for,critical,start,generation,,which,of,the,following,statements,applies,to,t he,units,capability,to,maintain,frequency?,() A),Dynamic,offline,testing,of,the,units,voltage,controls B),Picking,up,an,isolated,block,of,loads C),Producing,leading,and,lagging,VARs D),Dynamic,Off-line,testing,of,the,units,governor,control,,ANS,-,B),Picking,up,an,isolated,block,of,loads D),Dynamic,Off-line,testing,of,the,units,governor,control During,system,restoration,,a,generator,should,not,be,loaded,above,the,level,of,available A),operating,reserve B),synchronized,reserve C),primary,reserve D),dynamic,reserve,,ANS,-,D),dynamic,reserve Dynamic,Reserves,consist,of
D),PJM,,ANS,-,B),The,Transmission,Owner While,progressing,through,your,system,restoration,plan,,you,come,across,a,transmission,line,that,has,b oth,of,its,breakers,closed.,The,line,is,far,removed,from,any,generation,sources.,Which,of,the,following,st atements,describes,the,best,course,of,action,you,should,take? A),The,line,is,clearly,faulted,and,should,not,be,re-energized,until,all,other,facilities,are,in,service. B),The,line,is,not,faulted,and,can,be,re-energized,immediately. C),Clear,the,remaining,breakers,on,the,bus,and,test,energize,it,with,a,remote,line D),Have,field,personnel,check,the,relay,targets,at,both,terminals,to,determine,if,the,line,is,faulted,,ANS,- ,D),Have,field,personnel,check,the,relay,targets,at,both,terminals,to,determine,if,the,line,is,faulted Using,the,following,information,,determine,the,maximum,amount,of,load,that,should,be,restored,(assu me,a,5%,governor,droop). Generation,Capacity,on-line,=,1000MW System,Load,=,800MW System,Frequency,=,60.5,Hz A),50MW B),90MW C),120MW D),150MW,,ANS,-,A),50MW Do,not,restore,load,blocks,that,exceed,5%,of,the,synchronized,gen,capacity Which,of,the,following,would,be,considered,as,the,'final,step',in,determining,the,status,of,generation,af ter,a,disturbance,or,event,has,occurred? A),Determine,the,status,of,generation,that,was,off-line,prior,to,the,event
B),Stabilize,surviving,on-line,generation C),Determine,what,generation,survived,the,event,and,is,still,in,service D),Determine,the,status,of,generation,that,was,off-line,prior,to,the,event,,ANS,- ,C),Determine,what,generation,survived,the,event,and,is,still,in,service According,to,PJM,,how,many,critical,Blackstart,Unit,outages,may,there,be,per,station? A), 3 B), 2 C), 4 D), 1 ,,ANS,-,D), 1 2,are,allowed,per,zone,but,must,be,at,different,stations Which,of,the,following,are,considered,as,'critical,load',by,PJM? A)Two,independent,feeds,into,each,nuclear,facility,for,station,start-up B),Power,to,pumping,plants,for,underground,cables C),Gas,infrastructure,equipment D),Light,and,power,to,critical,substations,,ANS,-,C),Gas,infrastructure,equipment During,system,restoration,operations,,a,member,company,has,a,steam,capacity,of,600MW,,combustion, turbine,capacity,of,200MW,and,100MW,of,hydro,capacity.,The,load,factors,(governor,response),are,5%, ,25%,,and,15%,respectively.,Also,,50MW,of,load,with,underfrequency,load,shedding,enabled,has,been,r estored.,What,is,the,total,governor,reserve,capability,of,the,company's,steam,,combustion,turbine,and, hydro,units?,,ANS,-,95MW During,system,restoration,prior,to,synchronization,of,a,unit,,the,dispatcher,should,ensure,sufficient,load ,is,available,to A),economize,unit,operation
,the,capability,of,each,generation,resource,to,meet,the,restoration,plan,requirements.,Under,this,proce ss,,each,generator,shall,be,tested,at,least,every A),Year B),Three,years C),Five,years D),Seven,years,,ANS,-,B),Three,years When,connecting,islands,,how,do,you,know,if,your,system,is,stable?,(Pick,2)
- ,The,overall,inertia,of,the,generators,will,be,decreased,when,interconnected
- ,Small,deviations,in,frequency,and,voltage,when,restoring,load
- ,Load,is,being,picked,up,with,automatic,under-frequency,relaying,available
- ,Adequate,operating,reserves,,ANS,-,-,Small,deviations,in,frequency,and,voltage,when,restoring,load
- ,Load,is,being,picked,up,with,automatic,under-frequency,relaying,available Which,of,the,following,can,NOT,be,changed,hourly?
- ,Regulation,high,and,low,limits
- ,MW,capability,of,regulation
- ,price,of,regulation
- ,status,of,regulation,,ANS,-,-,price,of,regulation The,field,windings,of,a,generator,are,located,in,which,part,of,the,generator?
- ,Stator
- ,Turbine
- ,Rotor
- ,Exciter,,ANS,-,-,Rotor
Which,of,the,following,is,not,a,goal,of,the,PJM,Market,Monitor?
- ,Maximization,of,generator,revenues
- ,Limit,returns,to,market,power
- ,Provide,incentives,to,competitive,behavior
- ,Facilitate,competition,,ANS,-,-,Maximization,of,generator,revenues A,means,of,generating,hot,water,,and/or,high,and,low,pressure,steam,and,electricity,at,the,same,time,,f rom,the,same,energy,source,,yielding,a,highly,efficient,power,plant,is,defined,as: A),Combined,cycle B),Combustion,turbine C),Simple,cycle D),Co-generation,,ANS,-,D),Co-generation The,basic,function,of,Gen,Checkout,is,to:
- ,compare,the,values,in,eMkt,to,the,outages,in,eDART
- ,offer,units,into,the,Day,Ahead,Market
- ,Compare,the,historical,generator,outage,values,in,eGADS,to,the,outages,in,eDART
- ,compare,the,values,in,eMkt,to,the,pending,OASIS,transmission,reservations,,ANS,-,- ,compare,the,values,in,eMkt,to,the,outages,in,eDART Which,of,the,following,reserves,is,not,part,of,the,IRC,(Instantaneous,Reserve,Check)? A),Dynamic B),Spinning C),Operating
Operating,Reserves,,ANS,-,T,<=,30min Primary,+,Secondary Offline,+,Online Offline,=,lesser,of:,spin,max,,spin,ramp,rate,(30min,-,TTS) Online,=lesser,of:,ramp,rate,*, 30 ,min,,spin,max,-,current,MW,level Supplemental,Reserves,,ANS,-,=,operating,reserve,-,primary,reserve primary,reserve,=,synchronized,+,quick,start Reliability,Analysis When,does,it,happen? What,is,the,rebid,period?,,ANS,-,Second,commitment,to,ensure,that,their,is,enough,gen,to,meet,real- time,load,forecast Schedule: 1600 ,-,Day,ahead,results,posted 1600 - 1800 ,- ,Rebid,period,(Gives,units,not,picked,up,in,the,day,ahead,an,opportunity,to,change,offers/parameters) 1800 ,-,Reliability,analysis What,is,the,difference,between,Dynamic,Reserve,and,Synchronized,Reserve?,,ANS,-,Dynamic,Reserve,- ,(automatic),reserve,on,generators,that,is,available,via,governor,action,and,load,w/,under,frequency,rel aying Synchronized,Reserve,-,(manual),spinning,online,gen What,are,the,two,types,of,reserves,monitored,during,a,restoration?,,ANS,- ,Synchronous,and,Dynamic,reserves
Which,of,the,following,equipment,controls,generator,shaft,speed,,controls,frequency,,and,adjusts,gener ation,for,small,changes,in,load? A),Output,terminal,voltage,of,the,generator B),Governor C),Automatic,Voltage,Regulator,(AVR) D),Exciter,,ANS,-,B),Governor A,500MW,generator,is,following,economic,dispatch,and,is,currently,loaded,at,400MW.,This,units,ramp,r ate,is,3MW/min.,How,much,Spinning,Reserve,is,available,on,the,unit? A),10MW,Tier,1,,90MW,Tier, 2 B),30MW,Tier,1,,70MW,Tier, 2 C),0MW,Tier,1,,100MW,Tier, 2 D),30MW,Tier,1,,0MW,Tier, 2 ,,ANS,-,D),30MW,Tier,1,,0MW,Tier, 2 What,is,the,deadline,for,a,self-scheduling,unit,for,spinning,reserve? A), 1800 ,on,the,day,before B), 120 ,minutes,before,the,operation,hour C), 60 ,minutes,before,the,operation,hour D), 20 ,minutes,before,the,operation,hour,,ANS,-,C), 60 ,minutes,before,the,operation,hour To,whom,does,the,Market,Monitor,Report? A),The,largest,PJM,member B),NERC C),Organization,of,PJM,Inc,(OPSI) D),PJM,Board,of,Members,,ANS,-,D),PJM,Board,of,Members
When,is,an,IRC,requested?,What,types,of,reserves,does,it,request?,,ANS,- ,An,IRC,is,typically,requested, 30 - 45 ,min,prior,to,a,peak.,Types,of,reserves,on,the,check:
- operating,reserve
- synchronized,reserve
- quick,start,(hydro/other)
- supplemental Regarding,abuses,to,market,rules,,what,entity,holds,the,authority,for,enforcement? A),The,PJM,Market,Monitor B),The,PJM,Members,Committee C),NERC D),FERC,,ANS,-,FERC Under,excited,test,results,means,the,system,is?,,ANS,-,Leading,(absorbing,VARs) What,type,of,units,are,required,to,conduct,Generator,Reactive,Testing,and,how,often?,,ANS,-,Units:
- Any,unit,20MW,and,up
- Aggregate,units,75MW,and,up
- All,black,start,units
- Synchronized,condenser,units,greater,than,20MW, Frequency:
- every, 5 ,years What,is,the,difference,between,Tier, 1 ,and,Tier, 2 ,synchronized,reserves?,,ANS,-,Tier, 1 ,(economic),- ,Online,units,that,follow,economic,dispatch,and,only,partially,loaded,and,therefore,are,able,to,increase, output,within, 10 ,minutes,following,PJM,dispatcher,request,to,event Tier, 2 ,(non-economic),-,Resources,that,offered,into,the,synchronized,reserve,market,and,cleared
- condensers,(CTs,and,Hydro),transition,to,online,tier, 2 ,condense,mode
- steam,reduced,to,provide,tier, 2 ,support
- CTs,online,at,min-operating,at,a,point,that,deviates,from,econ
- Demand,response,that,can,drop,load What,is,Regulation?,,ANS,-,Regulation,is:
- ,A,variable,amount,of,generation,under,automatic,control
- ,Independent,of,economic,cost,signal
- ,obtainable,within, 5 ,minutes
- ,Responds,to,frequency,deviations The,purpose,of,the,Heavy,Load,Voltage,Schedule,action,is,to,increase,reactive,reserves,on: A),All,SVCs B),The,EHV,system C),All,synchronized,generating,units D),The,distribution,system,,ANS,-,B),The,EHV,system What,is,the,temperature,trigger,for,a,Cold,weather,alert,in,a,control,zone? A),- 5 ,Degrees B), 0 ,Degrees C), 10 ,Degrees D), 32 ,Degrees,,ANS,-,C), 10 ,Degrees What,product,does,PJM,schedule,to,protect,the,system,against,unexpected,generation,loss? A),Regulations B),Emergency,procedures
