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ACSM EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGIST EXAM STUDY GUIDE, Exams of Medical Sciences

Chamberlain College of NursingMedical Sciences

ACSM EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGIST EXAM STUDY GUIDE

Typology: Exams

2025/2026

Available from 04/22/2026

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ACSM EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGIST
EXAM STUDY GUIDE
FITT for Obese - ANSWER F: ≥5 days/week (max. caloric expenditure)
I: Mod-Vigorous Aerobic activity (Vig-desirable)
T: Min. 30 min -totaling ≥150min/week (Progress to 60 min) intermittent 10 min. bouts
OK
**Vigorous activity is encouraged
T: Aerobic physical activity (resistance/flexibility -healthy pop. guidelines)
FITT-P for Hypertensive - ANSWER F: Aerobic: Most/preferably every day
Resistance: 2-3 days/week
I: Mod-aerobic exercise RPE: 11-13
Resistance: 60-80% 1-RM
T: 30-60 min of continuous or intermittent of 10 min.
Resistance: 8-12 reps; 1 set
T: Aerobic exercise is the main focus (walking, cycling, swimming)
Progression:Guidelines for healthy Pop. Except pay attention to blood pressure and
medications
FITT for Coronary Heart Disease - ANSWER F: 3-4 d/w (5-6 d/w Optimal)
Resistance: 2 d/w
I: 50-60% (75) symp-limited VO2max or HRR
Resistance: 30-50% up to 60-80% of 1-RM
T: 30 minutes
Resistance: 12-15 reps, 1-3 sets
T: Endurance training
FITT for Diabetes mellitus - ANSWER F: 3-7 days/week
I: RPE: 11-13 (40-60%VO2R)
-Intensity can be modified/increased based on individual
T: Min: ≥150min/week (Moderate) Can be done in bouts of 10 minutes
Additional Benefits seen with ≥300 min/week (Mod-Vigorous)
T: Emphasis activities using large muscle groups -Rhythmic & continuous exercise
Progression: Increase exercise Duration first. Then increase Intensity. Resistance
Training is also beneficial in absence of contraindication
FITT for Osteoarthritis - ANSWER F: Aerobic: 3-5 days/week
Resistance: 2-3d/w
Flexibility (ROM)
I: Low-moderate
T: ≥150min/week or 10 min bouts as tolerated
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ACSM EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGIST

EXAM STUDY GUIDE

FITT for Obese - ANSWER F: ≥5 days/week (max. caloric expenditure) I: Mod-Vigorous Aerobic activity (Vig-desirable) T: Min. 30 min - totaling ≥150min/week (Progress to 60 min) intermittent 10 min. bouts OK **Vigorous activity is encouraged T: Aerobic physical activity (resistance/flexibility - healthy pop. guidelines) FITT-P for Hypertensive - ANSWER F: Aerobic: Most/preferably every day Resistance: 2-3 days/week I: Mod-aerobic exercise RPE: 11- 13 Resistance: 60-80% 1-RM T: 30-60 min of continuous or intermittent of 10 min. Resistance: 8-12 reps; 1 set T: Aerobic exercise is the main focus (walking, cycling, swimming) Progression:Guidelines for healthy Pop. Except pay attention to blood pressure and medications FITT for Coronary Heart Disease - ANSWER F: 3-4 d/w (5-6 d/w Optimal) Resistance: 2 d/w I: 50-60% (75) symp-limited VO2max or HRR Resistance: 30-50% up to 60-80% of 1-RM T: 30 minutes Resistance: 12-15 reps, 1-3 sets T: Endurance training FITT for Diabetes mellitus - ANSWER F: 3-7 days/week I: RPE: 11-13 (40-60%VO2R)

  • Intensity can be modified/increased based on individual T: Min: ≥150min/week (Moderate) Can be done in bouts of 10 minutes Additional Benefits seen with ≥300 min/week (Mod-Vigorous) T: Emphasis activities using large muscle groups - Rhythmic & continuous exercise Progression: Increase exercise Duration first. Then increase Intensity. Resistance Training is also beneficial in absence of contraindication FITT for Osteoarthritis - ANSWER F: Aerobic: 3-5 days/week Resistance: 2-3d/w Flexibility (ROM) I: Low-moderate T: ≥150min/week or 10 min bouts as tolerated

T: Aerobic Exercise - low impact Progression: Should be gradual and tailored individually as tolerated FITT for Cancer - ANSWER F: Aerobic: 3-5 days/week Resistance: 2-3 d/w Flexibility: Can be done daily (even during treatment) I: Highly Variable during treatment; RPE; Slow Progression T: Aerobic:Short bouts several times/day during treatment Survivors without exacerbation can follow healthy population guidelines Resistance: 8-12 reps; 1 set T: Aerobic - prolonged (walking, cycling swimming) Progression: Slow; Avoid fatigue FITT for Dysplidemia - ANSWER ≥5days/week (maximize caloric expenditure) I: 40-75%VO2R T: 30-60 min 50 - 60 min - to promote weight loss Can be done in bouts of 10 minutes if necessary T: Aerobic Activities Resistance/flexibility guidelines for healthy pop. can be followed in absence of contraindications FIbromyalgia - ANSWER F: 2-3 days/week (Progress to: 3-4d/w) Resistance: 2-3d/w Flexibility: 1-3 d/w I: <30% VO2R or HRR (Progress to: <60%) Resistance: 50-80% of 1-RM (Decrease if pain is present) Flexibility: Active gentle ROM T: 10 min increments totaling 30 min (Progress to: 60 min) Resistance: Strength - 3 - 5 reps; 2-3 sets Endurance- 10 - 20 reps; 2-3 sets Flexibility: Hold stretch 10-30 sec (progress to 60 sec) T: Low-impact/non-weight bearing activities (Water exercise, walking, cycling) Resistance: Elastic bands, cuffs/ankle weights, weight machines Flexibility: Elastic bands, non-weight-bearing FITT for Asthma - ANSWER F: 2-3 days/week I: Aprox. At the lactate threshold (anaerobic threshold) T: 20-30 min/day T: Aerobic activity (Avoid chlorinated pools) Resistance/flexibility FITT for COPD - ANSWER F: Aerobic: 3-5 days/week I: Light and Vigorous (as tolerated-but encouraged) T: Only a few min. may be tolerated; Interval training is successful with rest periods T: Walking and/or cycling

Arrhythmia - ANSWER Abnormal electrical impulses. Atrial fibrillation means blood does not fully leave left atrium. Ventricular fibrillation is more serious Hyperventilation - ANSWER Rapid/deep breathing Angina pectoris - ANSWER Result of myocardial ischemia cause by an imbalance between myocardial blood supply and oxygen demand Myocardial infarction - ANSWER BLood flow to part of heart is blocked Myocardial ischemia - ANSWER Lack of blood flow and oxygen ot heart Stroke - ANSWER Blood flow to a part of the brain stops Hypertension - ANSWER High BP Hyperlipidemia - ANSWER High concentration of lipids in blood Peripheral pulses - ANSWER Carotid and Radial artery Types of stretches - ANSWER Ballistic: Repetitive bouncing, not ideal Dynamic: smooth movements gradually increasing ROM Active: Agonist muscle is working Static: Hold position at furthest ROM PNF: Contract-relax Plyometric: Maximize stretch-reflex of muscles Risk factors favorably modified by PA - ANSWER Hypertension Cholesterol High blood sugar Lack of PA Obesity Cardiorespiratory fitness - ANSWER Measure of how well your heart, arteries, veins, and lungs work together to transport oxygen to muscles. Then how well oxygen is absorbed and used in your muscles (based on capillary distribution at muscles and mitochondrial density-responsible for aerobic ATP synthesis) Body Composition - ANSWER Reveals the relative proportions of fat and lean mass in the body. Men 10-22%, Women 20-32% Skinfold, BIA, BODPOD, Hydrodensity Flexibility - ANSWER Limits of the muscuoskeletal unit Proprioceptors: the capacity of the neuromuscular system to inhibit the antagonists influences flexibility

Muscle spindles - ANSWER Respond to change in length Intrafusal fibers run parallel to extrafusal fibers Stretch reflex - ANSWER When a muscle spindle is stretched, the muscle spindles cause a reflex of the muscle Golgi tendon organ - ANSWER Monitors tension in muscle Stimulation results in relaxation of muscle Muscular strength - ANSWER Force of an external load on muscles. First neurological adaptation then muscle hypertrophy Hypertrophy versus hyperplasia of muscle - ANSWER Muscle endurance - ANSWER Low weight high reps. Avoid valsalva Type IIa fibers Absolute contraindication versus relative contraindication - ANSWER Stress test should not be performed until condition is stabilized. May be tested only after careful evaluation of risk/benefit ration Absolute contraindication list - ANSWER 1. EKG change suggest recent MI, severe ischemia, or other significant cardiac event

  1. Unstable angina
  2. Uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmias causing symptoms
  3. Sever symptomatic aortic stenosis
  4. Symptomatic heart failure
  5. Pulmonary embolus or infarction
  6. Acute myocarditis or pericarditis
  7. Suspected or know dissecting aneurysm
  8. Acute systematic infection Relative contraindications list - ANSWER 1. Left main coronary stenosis
  9. Moderate stenotic valvular heart disease
  10. Electrolyte abnormalities
  11. Hypertension >200/
  12. Tachycardia, bradycardia
  13. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
  14. Neuromuscular, musculoskeletal rheumatoid disorders exacerbated by ex.
  15. High degree A-V block
  16. Ventricular aneurysm
  17. Uncontrolled metabolic disease
  18. Chronic infectious disease
  19. Mental/physical impairment Antianginals - ANSWER Counters angina; used to treat angina pectoris

Muscular fitness 2days/week/8-10ex/8-12reps ACSM for older adults - ANSWER 30 mins/5days/week @ mod/vig Muscular fitness 2days/week/8-10ex/10-15reps Flexibility 10 minutes 2days/week FITT for Weight loss - ANSWER F: 5-7 days/week I: Moderate T: 50-60 min; >300min/week T: Aerobic FITT for Weight loss maintenance - ANSWER F: 5-7 days/week I: Mod-Vig T: 30 mins; 10 min bouts if nec. >250 min/week T: Aerobic (resistance/flexibility) FITT for Weight gain - ANSWER F: Increase caloric intake I: Mod-Vig T: 6-12 reps, 2-4 sets Rest 30-90 eseconds FITT Improve muscular fitness - ANSWER F: Each major muscle trained 2-3 days/week I: Mod-Vig T: Muscular strength 8-12X2-4 (elderly 10-15X1) Muscular Endurance: 10- 2 - reps ≤2 sets T: Resistance training Rest 2-3 minutes FITT for flexibility - ANSWER F: ≥2-3 days/week (best everyday) I: Feel tight, slight discomfort T: Static 10-30 seconds (elderly 30-60) PNF 3-6 seconds; light-mod contraction followed by 10-30 sec assisted stretch T: Static (passive, active), dynamic, ballistic, PNF are all effective V: Target of 60 seconds per exercise P: 2-4 sets per exercise Best with warm muscles Chronic improvement: 3-4 weeks 2-3 times/week FITT for Neuromotor exercise - ANSWER F: ≥ 2-3 days/week I: Not been determined T: ≥20-30 min for a total of ≥60 min T: Exercises involving motor skills: Balance, coordination, gait, agility, proprioceptive training, yoga FITT Adolescents - ANSWER F: 3-4 days/week (pref. daily) I: Mod-Vig

T: 30 min (mod); 30 min (vig) Total: 60 min T: Enjoyable aerobic, muscle and bone strengthening activities FITT for pregnant women - ANSWER F: Daily Resistance: 3 days/week (2-3min rest periods) I: Moderate - Vig (as tolerated) Resistance: 8-12 reps; 1 set T: 30 min Flexibility: Static stretches T: Aerobic activity **Isometric and Heavy resistance training should be avoided Response to ex with heart disease - ANSWER Reduced exercise capacity; altered diastolic function; altered utilization of oxygen Response to ex with hypertension - ANSWER Dangerously high BP Response to ex with diabetes mellitus - ANSWER Abnormal HR and BP responses, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia; exercise helps regulate BG concentration Response to ex with obesity - ANSWER Increased risk of fluid and sodium imbalances; increased BP Response to ex with pulmonary disease - ANSWER Bronchiole inflammation- increased O2 resistance; difficulty breathing Response to exercise with pregnancy - ANSWER Increased BV 40-50%; Increase O uptake at rest and during submax ex; increased HR at rest and submax 1st 2 trimesters; Q is lower and potential for arterial hypotension is greater. Supine and prone position should be avoided Blood flow - ANSWER Right Atrium → Tricuspid Valve → Right Ventricle → Pulmonary Semilunar Valve → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Pulmonary Vein → Left Atrium → Bicuspid Valve → Left Ventricle → Aortic Semilunar valve →Aorta - to the body Cardiac conduction - ANSWER SA Node: Pacemaker initiates heart beat located in right atrium AV Node: electrical gateway to ventricles (Ensuring all blood has been ejected out of atria) AV Bundle: Divided into right and left branches; Conduct impulses to apex of heart Purkinje Fibers: spread impulse through ventricular myocardium PQRST - ANSWER P: Sinus node depolarizes and atria contracts QRS: Ventricle depolarization (and atrial repolarization) T: Ventricular repolarization