1
Advanced and Multivariate Statistical Methods,
Sixth Edition, Craig A. Mertler and Rachel Vannatta Reinhart, Routledge.
Chapter 1: Introduction to Multivariate Statistics
Test Items: True-False Format
Instructions: Mark the statements “T” for true, “F” for false, or “?” for don’t know.
1. The use of multivariate statistical techniques has become more commonplace largely due
to the increasingly complex nature of research designs and related research questions.
T*
F
2. A study appropriate for multivariate statistical analysis is typically defined as one with
several dependent variables (DVs).
T*
F
3. The basic distinction between experimental and nonexperimental research designs is
whether the levels of the independent variable(s) have been manipulated by the
researcher.
T*
F
4. In nonexperimental research (e.g., descriptive, correlational, survey, or causal-
comparative designs), the researcher has no control over the levels of the independent
variables (IVs).
T*
F
5. In an experimental research study, if the researcher finds a statistically significant
difference between two or more of the groups representing different treatment conditions,
she or he can have some confidence in attributing causality to the IV.
T*
F
6. Nonexperimental research studies also enable a researcher to conclude that the IV and
DV are related and infer causality.
T
F*
7. In experimental studies, IVs may also be referred to as criterion or outcome variables.
T
F*
8. In experimental studies, DVs are sometimes referred to as the predictor or causal
variables.
T
F*
9. Univariate statistics refers to analyses where there is only one IV and one DV.
T
F*
10. Bivariate statistics refers to analyses that involve two variables where one is identified as
an IV and the other is identified as a DV.
